Table 4.
Cox proportional hazards models for risk of stopping in Germany, UK, and France EMR; dependent variable: experience of stop
| Model 1. Germany EMR, N = 1,380 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Parameter estimate | Standard error | Chi square | P value | Hazard ratio | 95% confidence interval | |
| Lower limit | Upper limit | ||||||
| Index treatment (reference: exBID) | |||||||
| exQW | −0.768 | 0.129 | 35.678 | <0.0001 | 0.46 | 0.361 | 0.597 |
| LIRA | –0.379 | 0.074 | 25.857 | <0.0001 | 0.69 | 0.592 | 0.792 |
| Male (reference: female) | 0.155 | 0.065 | 5.752 | 0.017 | 1.17 | 1.029 | 1.326 |
| Physician type (reference: GP) | |||||||
| Diabetologist | –0.357 | 0.083 | 18.567 | <0.0001 | 0.70 | 0.595 | 0.823 |
| Specific relevant comorbidities (yes vs. no) | |||||||
| CV disease∂ | –0.190 | 0.069 | 7.618 | 0.006 | 0.83 | 0.723 | 0.946 |
| Depression | 0.254 | 0.115 | 4.910 | 0.027 | 1.29 | 1.030 | 1.615 |
| Pain (non-neuropathic) | 0.197 | 0.098 | 4.042 | 0.044 | 1.22 | 1.005 | 1.475 |
| Concomitant antihyperglycemic treatment classes used (yes vs. no)† | |||||||
| Insulin | 0.542 | 0.111 | 24.061 | <0.0001 | 1.72 | 1.385 | 2.136 |
| Biguanide | –0.163 | 0.065 | 6.289 | 0.012 | 0.85 | 0.747 | 0.965 |
| Other OAM | –0.155 | 0.093 | 2.741 | 0.098 | 0.86 | 0.713 | 1.029 |
| Model 2. UK EMR, N = 694 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Parameter estimate | Standard error | Chi square | P value | Hazard ratio | 95% confidence interval | |
| Lower limit | Upper limit | ||||||
| Index treatment (reference: exBID) | |||||||
| LIRA | –0.326 | 0.092 | 12.440 | 0.0004 | 0.72 | 0.603 | 0.865 |
| Specific relevant comorbidities (yes vs. no) | |||||||
| Obesity | –0.242 | 0.143 | 2.868 | 0.0903 | 0.79 | 0.594 | 1.039 |
| Concomitant antihyperglycemic treatment classes used (yes vs. no)† | |||||||
| Biguanide | –0.256 | 0.108 | 5.592 | 0.018 | 0.77 | 0.627 | 0.957 |
| Model 3. France EMR, N = 694 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Parameter estimate | Standard error | Chi square | P value | Hazard ratio | 95% confidence interval | |
| Lower limit | Upper limit | ||||||
| Index treatment (reference: exBID) | |||||||
| LIRA | –0.473 | 0.151 | 9.791 | 0.002 | 0.62 | 0.464 | 0.838 |
| Specific relevant comorbidities (yes vs. no) | |||||||
| Depression | 0.587 | 0.353 | 2.755 | 0.097 | 1.80 | 0.899 | 3.594 |
Table presents only borderline significant or significant predictors, for brevity’s sake
CV Cardiovascular, EMR Electronic Medical Records databases, exBID exenatide twice daily, exQW exenatide once weekly, GP general practitioner, LIRA liraglutide once daily, OAM Oral antihyperglycemic medication, UK United Kingdom
†Antihyperglycemic therapy defined as concomitant if (1) time between therapy class prescriptions in pre- and post- index of 120 days or less, with overlap on index or (2) with prescription on the index date
∂ CV disease included the following ICD-10 (International Classification of Diseases) codes: E78.0, E78.2, E78.4–E78.6; I10; I11.0, I11.9; I15.2, I15.8, I15.9; I20, I20.0, I20.1, I20.8, I20.9; I21, I21.0–I21.4, I21.9; I22.0, I22.1, I22.8, I22.9; I24.0, I24.8, I24.9; I25.0–I25.6, I25.8, I25.9; I44, I44.0–I44.7; I45.0; I46, I46.0, I46.9; I50, I50.0, I50.1, I50.9; I60, I60.0–I60.9; I61, I61.0–I60.6, I60.8, I60.9; I61, I61.0–I61.9; I63, I63.0–I63.6, I63.8, I63.9; I64; I70, I70.0–I70.2, I70.8, I70.9; I71, I71.0–I71.6, I71.8, I71.9; I72, I72.0–I72.4, I72.8, I72.9; I73, I73.8, I73.9; I74, I74.0–I74.5, I74.8, I74.9; I79, I79.2, I79.8; I82, I82.2, I82.3, I82.8, I82.9