Table 2.

Efficacy of treatments used in the study model

Variable	GLP-1 + Met	DPP-4 + Met	NPH insulin 40 IU/day + Met	NPH insulin 60 IU/day + Met
Change in HbA1c (%)	−0.96 [28]	−0.69 [28]	−1.12 [28]	−0.69
Change in body weight (kg)	−1.80 [28]	0.00 [28]	3.30 [28]	1.80
Mild hypoglycemia (per patient per year)	0.14 [29]	0.14 [29]	3.16 [30]	3.16 [30]
Moderate hypoglycemia (per patient per year)	0.05 [31]	0.07 [30]	1.014 [32]	1.014 [32]
Major hypoglycemia (per patient per year)	0.006 [29]	0.01 [30]	0.06 [33]	0.06 [33]
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	−3.20 [34]	−4.00 [30]	−2.00 [30]	0.00
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	−1.60 [34]	−1.47 [29]	−1.00 [30]	0.00
Total cholesterol (mmol/l)	−0.01 [29]	0.00 [30]	−0.20 [30]	0.00
HDL cholesterol (mmol/l)	0.01 [29]	0.01 [29]	0.00 [30]	0.00
LDL cholesterol (mmol/l)	0.09 [29]	0.09 [29]	−0.10 [30]	0.00
Triglyceride (mmol/l)	−0.10 [29]	−0.23 [29]	−0.40 [30]	0.00

DPP-4 dipeptidyl peptidase-4, GLP-1 glucagon-like peptide-1, HbA1c glycated hemoglobin, HDL high-density lipoprotein, IU insulin units, LDL low-density lipoprotein, Met metformin, NPH neutral protamine Hagedorn