Table 2.
Summary of serum cytokine levels in fasted and refed states
| Fasted | Refed | P Value | Cytokine | Fasted | Refed | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cytokines | |||||||
| sCD30 | 71 ± 48 | 31 ± 10 | 0.43 | IL-17 | 2.9 ± 0.3 | 2.2 ± 0.4 | 0.13 |
| sgp130 | 414 ± 47 | 310 ± 35 | 0.09 | IL-20 | 16 ± 0.1 | 15.8 ± 0.2 | 0.33 |
| IFN-γ | 2.8 ± 0.3 | 4 ± 0.5 | 0.07 | IL-22* | 36 ± 15 | 4.3 ± 0.7 | 0.01 |
| IL-1α* | 976 ± 155 | 567 ± 109 | 0.04 | IL-25 | 1476 ± 986 | 128 ± 75 | 0.22 |
| IL-1β* | 6.8 ± 0.9 | 10 ± 1.2 | 0.04 | IL-27 | 12 ± 4.4 | 20 ± 8 | 0.35 |
| IL-2 | 2.7 ± 0.4 | 2.2 ± 0.4 | 0.36 | IL-28B | 214 ± 26 | 235 ± 16 | 0.49 |
| IL-4 | 2.9 ± 0.3 | 2.7 ± 0.3 | 0.72 | IL-33 | 1.2 ± 0.4 | 1.8 ± 1 | 0.51 |
| IL-5 | 12 ± 5 | 8.9 ± 1 | 0.64 | sIL-1RI** | 749 ± 147 | 2430 ± 420 | 0.001 |
| IL-6 | 4.3 ± 0.6 | 30 ± 13 | 0.30 | sIL-1RII | 9852 ± 207 | 9038 ± 405 | 0.09 |
| IL-7 | 57 ± 54 | 5.2 ± 1.9 | 0.35 | sIL-2Rα* | 328 ± 20 | 238 ± 31 | 0.02 |
| IL-9 | 45 ± 5 | 69 ± 17 | 0.19 | sIL-4R | 2300 ± 248 | 3008 ± 402 | 0.15 |
| IL-10 | 3.3 ± 0.6 | 3.4 ± 0.6 | 0.95 | sIL-6R | 7895 ± 588 | 7438 ± 515 | 0.56 |
| IL-12p40 | 4.5 ± 0.6 | 5.4 ± 1.7 | 0.63 | PTX-3* | 7.9 ± 0.9 | 14 ± 2.5 | 0.03 |
| IL-12p70 | 7.2 ± 2 | 9 ± 3.3 | 0.64 | TNF-α | 2 ± 0.3 | 2 ± 0.4 | 0.97 |
| IL-13 | 74 ± 15 | 63 ± 11 | 0.72 | sTNFRI | 4609 ± 374 | 3729 ± 257 | 0.05 |
| IL-15 | 5.3 ± 2.1 | 6.2 ± 3 | 0.80 | sTNFRII | 3065 ± 195 | 3157 ± 240 | 0.77 |
| IL-16 | 5600 ± 1053 | 11626 ± 2389 | 0.14 | ||||
| Chemokines | |||||||
| CCL11 | 421 ± 32 | 466 ± 23 | 0.27 | CCL19 | 31 ± 6 | 25 ± 4 | 0.41 |
| CCL12 | 34 ± 6 | 43 ± 5 | 0.25 | CXCL2 | 53 ± 12 | 54 ± 14 | 0.96 |
| CCL21 | 1511 ± 251 | 1584 ± 111 | 0.79 | CCL22 | 11 ± 1 | 10 ± 0.4 | 0.42 |
| CX3CL1 | 1220 ± 200 | 1125 ± 93 | 0.67 | CXCL9 | 58 ± 9 | 37 ± 5 | 0.13 |
| CXCL1 | 77 ± 7 | 144 ± 29 | 0.12 | CCL2* | 18 ± 4 | 43 ± 11 | 0.03 |
| CXCL10 | 110 ± 6 | 113 ± 8 | 0.74 | CCL20 | 22 ± 3 | 18 ± 4 | 0.40 |
| CXCL5 | 12464 ± 1734 | 11492 ± 826 | 0.61 | CCL5 | 22 ± 3 | 20 ± 3 | 0.67 |
| CCL3 | 43 ± 7 | 38 ± 7 | 0.64 | CCL17 | 29 ± 2 | 37 ± 4 | 0.11 |
| CCL4 | 31 ± 6 | 25 ± 4 | 0.41 | ||||
| Growth and Differentiation Factors | |||||||
| G-CSF* | 148 ± 31 | 737 ± 214 | 0.01 | VEGF | 17 ± 10 | 5 ± 2.6 | 0.25 |
| GM-CSF | 14 ± 4 | 16 ± 5 | 0.69 | sVEGFR1 | 1802 ± 191 | 1706 ± 168 | 0.71 |
| M-CSF | 244 ± 169 | 52 ± 22 | 0.28 | sVEGFR2 | 32082 ± 1925 | 24481 ± 2567 | 0.07 |
| TIMP-1* | 218 ± 43 | 598 ± 132 | 0.01 | sVEGFR3** | 29352 ± 972 | 22954 ± 1513 | 0.002 |
| Other Cytokines | |||||||
| sRAGE | 135 ± 63 | 52 ± 12 | 0.21 | AGP | 0.1 ± 0 | 5.5 ± 5.5 | 0.33 |
| Lipocalin-2* | 14 ± 2 | 38 ± 7 | 0.01 | A2M | 499 ± 85 | 751 ± 267 | 0.38 |
| SAA-3 | 52 ± 3.3 | 293 ± 165 | 0.16 | Haptoglobin | 20 ± 4 | 19 ± 8 | 0.86 |
| Adipsin | 21 ± 0.9 | 21 ± 0.6 | 0.68 | SAP** | 548 ± 79 | 6788 ± 1663 | 0.001 |
| CRP | 11 ± 1 | 10 ± 0.5 | 0.33 | ||||
Except for A2M, adipsin, AGP, haptoglobin, SAP, PTX3, and SAA-3 (ng/ml), all other values are in pg/ml.
*
P < 0.05;
**
P < 0.005.