Table 1.

Some rodent and pig models of SBS and important considerations

Species	Type of Surgical Intervention	Feasibility, Technical Challenges, and Clinical Relevance	References
Mice	Proximal: 50% jejunal resection with jejunoileal anastomosis	Adult, 8–12 wk old: The model does not mimic human SBS; tolerates oral feeding with potential for long-term follow-up; PN not reported; genetic models and reporter mice are available	99, 173
	Distal: Ileocecal resection with jejunocolic anastomosis	Adult, 8–12 wk old: Mimics human SBS with distal bowel resection that tolerates EN; potential for long-term follow-up; PN not reported; genetic models and reporter mice are available	51, 101
Rats	Proximal: 30–90% jejunoileal resection with jejunoileal anastomosis	Adult, 8–10 wk old: Most common rat resection model; tolerate oral feeding; potential for long-term follow-up after growth factor and EN interventions; does not mimic PN-dependent human SBS	47, 49, 151
	Distal: 50–60% jejunoileal-cecal resection with jejunocolic anastomosis	Adult, 8–10 wk old: EN and PN required; mimics human PN-dependent SBS; weaning from PN with combination treatments of EN + growth factors; technical complexity in maintaining PN	22, 77, 137
		Weanling, 20 day old: Tolerates oral feeding with diarrhea and hyperphagia; good model to evaluate EN strategies with relevance to human neonatal SBS; PN not feasible	272, 273
Pigs	75–95% jejunal resection, jejunoileal anastomosis	Young pigs: Clinically stable, long-term follow-up possible; nutrition support with growth factors, PN, EN or combinations; limited translational relevance for SBS in infants	177, 197, 215
	75% jejunoileal resection, jejunocolic anastomosis	Newborn pigs (<1 wk): Maladaptation, clinical challenges (sepsis, dehydration), short and longer term follow-up with PN, EN, growth factors, mimics term infant SBS with anastomosis	104, 234, 247
	50% jejunoileal resection with jejunostomy	Preterm/term newborn pigs: Maladaptation, clinical challenges (sepsis, dehydration, dysmaturation); mimics NEC-sensitive SBS infants on PN; short-term follow-up and balance studies possible	7, 245, 252

SBS, short bowel syndrome; PN, parenteral nutrition; EN, enteral nutrition; NEC, necrotizing enterocolitis.