Table 3.
Observed CNS symptoms in animal models (a)
| ref. | animal | model | ANOX | LTHG | HL para | FL para | ATX | RCM (b) | CV/TR | SZR | coma | death | other |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [46] | Baboon | Stx1 | n.d. (b) | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | yes | |
| [67] | Baboon | Stx1 | yes | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | 3/6 (50%) | yes | yes | |
| [31] | Pig | STEC | yes | yes | yes | n.d. | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | |
| [71] | Pig | STEC | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | yes | yes | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | yes | Diarrhea then CNS+ |
| [32] | Pig | STEC | n.d. | n.d. | yes | yes | n.d. | yes | yes | n.d. | n.d. | yes | paddling |
| [39] | Pig | Stx2e iv | yes | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | yes | n.d. | yes | n.d. | yes | yes | Paddling, extensor rigidity, dyspnea |
| [40] | pig | Sup Stx2e iv | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | yes | yes | yes | n.d. | yes | yes | Paddling, extensor rigidity |
| [33] | Pig | STEC | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | Yes (1/11) | Yes (1/11) | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | |
| [41] | Rabbit | Stx1 | yes | yes | yes | n.d. | yes | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | yes | |
| [42] | Rabbit | Stx1 iv | yes | yes | yes | yes | n.d. | yes | No | n.d. | n.d. | Yes | Ruffle fur, rapid respiration |
| [52] | Rabbit | Stx2 iv | n.d. | n.d. | Yes (50%) | Yes (50%) | Yes (33%) | n.d. | Yes (50%) | n.d. | n.d. | Yes (50%) | Opisthotonic posture |
| [47] | Rabbit | Stx2 iv and it | yes | yes | yes | yes | n.d. | yes | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | yes | |
| [68] | Rabbit | Stx2 iv | yes | n.d. | yes | yes | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | yes | |
| [54] | Rabbit | Stx2 iv | yes | n.d. | yes | yes | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | Yes | dyspnea |
| [43] | Rabbit | Stx2 iv | yes | n.d. | Yes (83.3%) | n.d. | Yes (83.3%) | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | yes | |
| [48] | Rabbit | Stx2 iv | n.d. | n.d. | Yes (25%) | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | Yes (25%) | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | |
| [57] | Rat | Stx2 i.c.v. | n.d. | Yes | yes | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | yes | n.d. | yes | crawling |
| [35] | Mouse | STEC | n.d. | yes | yes | yes | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | death | Deformity of backbone, Loss of pain |
| [29] | Mouse | STEC | n.d. | n.d. | yes | yes | yes | n.d. | yes | n.d. | yes | yes | Jerky rhythmic motion |
| [36] | Mouse | STEC | yes | yes | yes | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | (yes) (c) | n.d. | n.d. | yes | Ruffled fur, jerky rhythmic motion |
| [37] | Mouse | STEC | yes | yes | yes | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | Yes | |
| [44] | Mouse | Stx2 iv | n.d. | n.d. | yes | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | yes | |
| [44] | Mouse | Stx2+LPS iv | n.d | n.d | n.d | n.d | n.d | n.d | yes | Yes | n.d | yes | |
| [38] | Mouse | STEC | yes | yes | yes | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | yes | n.d. | n.d. | yes | Ruffled fur |
| [53] | Mouse | Stx2 ip | n.d. | yes | yes | n.d. | yes | n.d. | yes | Yes | n.d. | yes | Retain sense (pain) |
| [56] | Mouse | STEC | n.d. | n.d. | yes | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | yes | n.d. | n.d. | yes | Spinal deformity |
(a)
Abbreviations for CNS symptoms are ANOX (anorexia), LTHG (lethargy), HL para (hind-leg paralysis), FL para (fore-leg paralysis), ATX (ataxic gait), RCM (recumbency, difficulty holding body upright by itself), CV/TR (convulsions/tremors), SZR (seizure).
(b)
Lateral, sternal or dorsal recumbency; the animal is lying down with leaning on its side, abdomen or back, having a difficulty holding its body upright.
(c)
N.d. = not described
(d)
Shivering