. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Dec 18.

Published in final edited form as: Int J Soc Sci Stud. 2014 Jul;2(3):89–99. doi: 10.11114/ijsss.v2i3.439

Table 5.

Stratified analysis for the associations of obstructive sleep apnea with overweight and obesity, by sex, blood pressure, and psychological distress

Stratified variable		WHO criteria	Asian criteria	WHO criteria	IDF criteria

		BMI≥25 vs. <25 OR (95% CI)^a	BMI≥27 vs. <27 OR (95% CI)^a	BMI≥30 vs. <30 OR (95% CI)^a	Abdominal obesity^b OR (95% CI)^c
Sex
	Male	4.11 (2.35, 7.20)	6.62 (3.39, 12.92)	15.16 (6.62, 34.72)	4.56 (1.94, 10.71)
	Female	7.19 (4.23, 12.21)	15.60 (8.79, 27.68)	39.38 (20.04, 77.36)	3.57 (1.70, 7.48)
P value for interaction		0.048	0.003	0.004	0.937
Elevated blood pressure
	No	4.88 (3.28, 7.28)	9.77 (6.24, 15.30)	24.84 (14.40, 42.85)	3.44 (1.95, 6.09)
	Yes	8.87 (1.94, 40.54)	9.67 (2.16, 43.34)	18.52 (3.37, 101.87)	2.27 (0.21, 24.68)
P value for interaction		0.990	0.199	0.076	0.396
Psychological distress^d
	No	7.04 (4.15, 11.94)	14.53 (8.08, 26.10)	36.89 (18.87, 72.10)	4.43 (2.10, 9.34)
	Yes	3.70 (2.10, 6.52)	6.44 (3.37, 12.29)	14.14 (6.16, 32.43)	3.62 (1.59, 8.22)
P value for interaction		0.052	0.024	0.015	0.541

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; IDF, International Diabetes Federation; OR, odds ratio; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval.

Except for the stratified variables, the following variables were adjusted for: age, sex, education, recreational physical activity participation, alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, use of energy drinks, waist-to-hip ratio, and psychological distress.

Abdominal obesity was defined by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria for South Asians: WC ≥ 90 cm for men and waist circumference (WC) ≥ 80 cm for women.

Psychological distress was evaluated by the General Health Questionnaire 12-item scale.