Table 5.

Differential item functioning positive and negative symptoms: reference group = USA vs. focal group = India and East & Maritime Asia

	India					Eastern Asia
Item	Chi-sq	p-value	E.S. (95% C.I.)	Class	India	Chi-sq	p-value	E.S. (95% C.I.)	Class	Eastern Asia	USA Mean
P1	2.4	0.12	−0.15 (−0.32;0.02)	A	4.19 (0.99)	7.55	0.01	−0.32 (−0.52;-0.13)	BB-	3.89 (1.01)	4.29 (1.05)
P2	0.01	0.94	0.06 (−0.17;0.29)	A	3.46 (1.32)	1.72	0.19	0.29 (0.06;0.52)	AA	3.52 (1.81)	3.42 (1.34)
P3	8.78	< 0.001	0.25 (0.10;0.40)	A	4.53 (0.96)*	0.01	0.94	−0.03 (−0.23;0.17)	AA	4.06 (1.18)	4.33 (0.96)
P4	0.39	0.53	−0.07 (−0.22;0.07)	A	2.55 (1.18)	6.78	0.01	0.19 ( 0.03;0.36)	AA	2.43 (1.12)	2.70 (1.80)
P5	2.62	0.11	−0.16 (−0.34;0.02)	A	3.08 (1.70)	7.27	0.01	−0.28 (−0.49;-0.06)	AA	2.47 (1.65)	3.34 (1.33)
P6	19.93	< 0.001	−0.37 (−0.53;-0.21)	B-	4.25 (0.78)*	5.77	0.02	−0.29 (−0.46;-0.11)	AA	4.16 (0.87)	4.64 (1.02)
P7	22.91	< 0.001	0.44 (0.26;0.61)	B+	3.39 (0.86)*	14.21	< 0.001	0.43 (0.23;0.64)	BB+	3.07 (1.06)*	3.05 (1.26)
N1	7.86	0.01	−0.20 (−0.34;-0.06)	AA	4.05 (1.50)	0.09	0.76	0.09 (−0.06;0.24)	AA	3.85 (1.66)	4.01 (1.67)
N2	0.02	0.9	0.01 (−0.09;0.12)	AA	3.85 (0.77)	0.59	0.44	−0.10 (−0.21;0.01)	AA	3.65 (0.69)	3.85 (0.79)
N3	15.16	< 0.001	0.31 (0.17;0.45)	BB+	3.66 (1.41)*	3.45	0.06	0.16 (0.01;0.30)	AA	3.00 (1.29)	3.26 (1.51)
N4	8.98	< 0.001	−0.23 (−0.37;-0.09)	AA	3.55 (1.01)*	4.91	0.03	−0.16 (−0.29;-0.04)	AA	3.34 (0.77)	3.74 (1.23)
N5	2	0.16	−0.15 (−0.33;0.03)	AA	4.14 (1.23)	1.57	0.21	−0.12 (−0.31;0.06)	AA	3.83 (1.41)	4.16 (1.32)
N6	13.42	< 0.001	0.29 (0.13;0.44)	AA	4.06 (1.62)*	0	0.98	−0.01 (−0.16;0.14)	AA	3.24 (1.33)	3.52 (1.73)
N7	0.02	0.88	−0.03 (−0.22;0.17)	AA	2.89 (1.21)	2.81	0.09	0.15 (−0.02;0.33)	AA	2.88 (1.83)	2.17 (1.15)

* Bonferroni Corrected p <0 .0017; E.S.: Effect Size; Chi-sq: Chi Square.