FIG. 3.

CCN2(IV) increases Nox1 activity and O₂^•− production in cultured murine VSMCs. (A) Concentration–response curve and (B) time course of O₂^•− production by CCN2(IV) in murine VSMCs. A representative fluorescent confocal photomicrographs of O₂^•− measured as DHE staining production is shown in upper panel and quantification in lower panel. (C) O₂^•− production in mice VSMC measured as luminescence of L-012. (D) NAD(P)H oxidase activity was measured in total cellular extracts by an enzymatic assay. Data expressed as mean±SEM of fold-change over control of at least three to four independent experiments. *p<0.05 versus control. To see this illustration in color, the reader is referred to the web version of this article at www.liebertpub.com/ars