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. 2014 Dec 3;39(8):600–637. doi: 10.1080/87565641.2014.973958

TABLE 4 .

Cohen’s d Effect Sizes Comparing the FA Values of the TBI and Control Groups in the Medium to Long Term (Rank-Ordered by Effect Size)

            95% C.I.
        
Brain Region Nstudies NTBI Ncontrol Mean dw dw SE Lower Limit Upper Limit Nfs %OL Q Study References
Whole brain 2 41 30 −3.78 3.03 −9.71 2.16 36 3 45.40* Caeyenberghs et al., 2011; Adamson et al., 2013
Cerebellum 1 24 17 −3.28#   −4.23 −2.34 15 5   Caeyenberghs et al., 2011
Total Corpus Callosum 6 118 117 −3.08# 0.74 −4.52 −1.63 86 7 83.40* Caeyenberghs et al., 2011; Levin et al., 2008; Scheibel et al., 2011; Wilde et al., 2006b; Wozniak et al., 2007; Wu et al., 2010a
Left ventromedial 2 41 45 −2.42 1.94 −6.21 1.38 22 13 18.59* Levin et al., 2008; Scheibel et al., 2011
Supracallosal 1 14 14 −1.98#   −3.26 −0.70 9 19   Wozniak et al., 2007
Posterior Limb Internal Capsule 4 74 74 −1.95# 0.63 −3.18 −0.72 35 19 25.61* Caeyenberghs et al., 2011; Kurowski et al., 2009; Levin et al., 2008; Scheibel et al., 2011
Anterior Limb Internal Capsule 4 74 74 −1.86# 0.58 −3.00 −0.73 33 21 22.29* Caeyenberghs et al., 2011; Kurowski et al., 2009; Levin et al., 2008; Scheibel et al., 2011; Wilde et al., 2011
Anterior corona radiata 1 24 17 −1.59#   −2.29 −0.88 7 26   Caeyenberghs et al., 2011
Left dorsolateral 3 90 84 −1.54# 0.50 −2.51 −0.56 20 29 13.28* Levin et al., 2008; Levin et al., 2011; Scheibel et al., 2011
Body CC 6 138 137 −1.53# 0.25 −2.02 −1.05 40 29 14.22* Kurowski et al., 2009; Levin et al., 2008; Levin et al., 2011; Scheibel et al., 2011; Wilde et al., 2006b; Wu et al., 2010a
Right dorsolateral 3 90 84 −1.51# 0.50 −2.48 −0.53 20 29 13.46* Levin et al., 2008; Levin et al., 2011; Scheibel et al., 2011
Genu CC 7 179 168 −1.40# 0.34 −2.06 −0.74 42 32 42.72* Ewing-Cobbs et al., 2008; Kurowski et al., 2009; Levin et al., 2008; Levin et al., 2011; Scheibel et al., 2011; Wilde et al., 2006b; Wu et al., 2010a
Right ventromedial 2 41 45 −1.34# 0.24 −1.81 −0.86 11 35 4.42NS Levin et al., 2008; Scheibel et al., 2011
Right frontal lobe 3 139 130 −1.19# 0.13 −1.45 −0.93 14 37 0.09NS Levin et al., 2011; Max et al., 2012; Oni et al., 2010
Left frontal lobe 3 139 130 −1.18# 0.13 −1.44 −0.92 14 38 2.12NS Levin et al., 2011; Max et al., 2012; Oni et al., 2010
Splenium CC 6 130 129 −1.12# 0.29 −1.70 −0.55 28 41 21.91* Ewing-Cobbs et al., 2008; Kurowski et al., 2009; Levin et al., 2008; Scheibel et al., 2011; Wilde et al., 2006b; Wu et al., 2010a
Uncinate fasciculi 1 40 37 −1.08#   −1.56 −0.60 4 42   McCauley et al., 2011
Corticospinal tract 1 24 17 −1.08#   −1.74 −0.42 4 42   Caeyenberghs et al., 2011
Brainstem 1 24 17 −1.03#   −1.69 −0.37 4 43   Caeyenberghs et al., 2011
Left arcuate fasciculus 1 9 9 −1.01#   −1.99 −0.03 4 44   Scheibel et al., 2011
Left Inferior Fronto-Occipital fasciculus 1 9 9 −0.97   −1.95 0.005 4 45   Scheibel et al., 2011
Left uncinate fasciculus 5 162 138 −0.97# 0.12 −1.20 −0.74 19 45 4.23NS Johnson et al., 2011; Levin et al., 2011; Max et al., 2012; Scheibel et al., 2011; Schmidt et al., 2013; Wilde et al., 2011
Right uncinate fasciculus 5 162 138 −0.93# 0.12 −1.16 −0.70 18 48 3.14NS Johnson et al., 2011; Levin et al., 2011; Max et al., 2012; Scheibel et al., 2011; Schmidt et al., 2013
Anterior Commissure 1 16 16 −0.88#   −1.61 −0.16 3 49   Wilde et al., 2006a
Right Inferior Fronto-Occipital fasciculus 1 9 9 −0.88   −1.85 0.08 3 48   Scheibel et al., 2011
Isthmus 1 41 31 −0.87#   −1.36 −0.39 3 49   Ewing-Cobbs et al., 2008
Cerebral peduncle 1 24 17 −0.87#   −1.52 −0.22 3 49   Caeyenberghs et al., 2011
Right temporal lobe 3 125 119 −0.86# 0.13 −1.12 −0.59 10 50 3.09NS Levin et al., 2008; Levin et al., 2011; Max et al., 2012
Cingulum Bundle 1 40 37 −0.85#   −1.31 −0.38 3 50   McCauley et al., 2011
Orbito-frontal White Matter 1 40 37 −0.80#   −1.26 −0.33 3 53   McCauley et al., 2011
Superior fasciculus 2 23 26 −0.79# 0.30 −1.38 −0.20 6 53 2.73NS Kurowski et al., 2009; Wozniak et al., 2007
Left Centrum Semiovale 1 44 44 −0.79#   −1.40 −0.17 3 55   Max et al., 2012
Right cingulate 3 104 91 −0.77# 0.35 −1.46 −0.08 9 53 8.92* Levin et al., 2011; Scheibel et al., 2011; Wilde et al., 2010
Left cingulate 3 104 91 −0.77# 0.15 −1.06 −0.59 9 54 3.74NS Levin et al., 2011; Scheibel et al., 2011; Wilde et al., 2010
Left temporal lobe 3 125 119 −0.76# 0.13 −1.02 −0.49 8 53 3.37NS Levin et al., 2008; Levin et al., 2011; Max et al., 2012
Right Centrum Semiovale 1 44 44 −0.75#   −1.36 −0.14 2 55   Max et al., 2012
Left frontal White Matter 2 58 51 −0.74# 0.20 −1.13 −0.34 5 55 0.07NS Kurowski et al., 2009; Levin et al., 2011
Superior peduncle 1 24 17 −0.74#   −1.38 −0.10 2 57   Caeyenberghs et al., 2011
Left Hippocampus 1 21 20 −0.70#   −1.34 −0.07 2 57   Juranek et al., 2012
Thalamus 1 24 17 −0.64#   −1.28 −0.004 2 59   Caeyenberghs et al., 2011
Posterior midbody 1 41 31 −0.60#   −1.07 −0.12 2 61   Ewing-Cobbs et al., 2008
Right frontal White Matter 2 58 51 −0.58# 0.19 −0.96 −0.20 4 62 0.25NS Kurowski et al., 2009; Levin et al., 2011
Rostral midbody 1 41 31 −0.57#   −1.05 −0.09 2 63   Ewing-Cobbs et al., 2008
Anterior midbody 1 41 31 −0.53#   −0.10 −0.05 1 64   Ewing-Cobbs et al., 2008
Left Amygdala 1 21 20 −0.51   −0.72 0.51 1 66   Juranek et al., 2012
Inferior fasciculus 2 23 26 −0.49 0.29 −1.04 −0.07 3 67 2.24NS Kurowski et al., 2009; Wozniak et al., 2007
Right arcuate fasciculus 1 9 9 −0.46   −1.09 0.76 0 89   Scheibel et al., 2011
Right Amygdala 1 21 20 −0.43   −1.05 0.19 1 70   Juranek et al., 2012
Inferior peduncle 1 24 17 −0.42   −1.04 0.21 1 73   Caeyenberghs et al., 2011
Left Inferior Longitudinal Fasciculus 3 103 94 −0.40 0.14 −0.68 −0.11 3 72 3.51NS Levin et al., 2011; Scheibel et al., 2011; Schmidt et al., 2013
Right Hippocampus 1 21 20 −0.11   −1.13 0.12 0 92   Juranek et al., 2012
Right Inferior Longitudinal Fasciculus 3 103 94 −0.05 0.14 −0.33 0.23 2 96 7.77NS Levin et al., 2011; Scheibel et al., 2011; Schmidt et al., 2013

Note. #indicates moderate or large and significant effect, with adequate Nfs; CC = corpus callosum, Nstudies = Total number of studies included in analysis, NTBI = total number of participants in traumatic brain injury (TBI) group, Ncontrol = total number of Control participants, mean dw = mean weighted effect size, SE = standard error, 95% CIs = 95% confidence intervals, Nfs = Fail safe N, %OL = percentage overlap between the distribution of scores for the TBI and Control groups, NS = nonsignificant, *p < .05. A significant Q indicates a heterogeneous distribution. Where Q statistics were sig, as indicated by *, a random-effects model was used to calculate d. FA = fractional anisotropy.