Table 3. Comparison of models predicting outcome based on patient factors.

Authors	Tool	Outcome	Variables included in model
Hirdes et al.	MDS-CHESS	Mortality	Vomiting, dehydration, leaving food uneaten, shortness of breath, decline in cognitive or ADLs status, and end-stage disease
Flacker and Kiely	MRIS	Mortality	Cancer, shortness of breath, CHF, bedfast status, male sex, unstable condition, >25% food uneaten, low functional ability score, swallowing problem, bowel incontinence, BMI <23
Porock et al.	MDS-MRI	Mortality	Cancer, sex, recent admission, shortness of breath, appetite, CHF, weight loss, renal failure, dehydration, age, cognitive deterioration, ADLs status, interactions between cancer and age and between ADL and cognitive deterioration
Van Dijk et al.	No model name	Mortality	Cancer, dementia, heart failure, renal failure, emphysema/COPD, diabetes mellitus, anemia, and interactions between age and cancer
Wallace and Prevost	SDI and PDS	Mortality	Poor cognitive status, poor functional status, bedfast, weight loss, fall, bowel incontinence, indwelling catheter, unstable diagnosis, high-stage pressure ulcers, terminal illness, and overall decline in status
Lee and Rantz	No model name	Functional status	Admission physical function, pressure ulcers, and urinary incontinence

CHESS = changes in health, end-stage disease, and symptoms and signs; CHF = congestive heart failure; COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; BMI = body mass index; SDI = summative death index; PDS = probability of death score; MDS-MRI = minimum data set-modified mortality risk index; MRIS = mortality risk index score.

The 28 MDS 2.0 items used have been categorized for ease of comparison with other studies.