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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jan 31.

Published in final edited form as: J Neurosci Res. 2014 Sep 16;93(2):230–243. doi: 10.1002/jnr.23477

Immunofluorescence staining in the mouse brain demonstrating representative c-Fos activated regions following intraperitoneal injection of the peripherally-acting nicotine analog, nicotine pyrrolidine methiodide (NIC-PM, 30 µg/kg). A: Locus coeruleus (LC). B: dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN). C: Paraventricular thalamic nucleus (PVT) and lateral habenular nucleus (LHb). D: Hippocampus (Hip). E: Cingulate cortex (Cg). F: Lateral hypothalamus (LH). G: Arcuate hypothalamic nucleus (Arc). H: Paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN). I: Lateral septal nucleus (LS). J: Medial orbital cortex (MO). K: Piriform cortex (Pir). L: Angular insular cortex (AI) and olfactory nucleus (ON). The data obtained for the NIC treatment at the above representative sites were qualitatively identical to those obtained for the NIC-PM treatment.

Immunofluorescence staining in the mouse brain demonstrating representative c-Fos activated regions following intraperitoneal injection of the peripherally-acting nicotine analog, nicotine pyrrolidine methiodide (NIC-PM, 30 µg/kg). A: Locus coeruleus (LC). B: dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN). C: Paraventricular thalamic nucleus (PVT) and lateral habenular nucleus (LHb). D: Hippocampus (Hip). E: Cingulate cortex (Cg). F: Lateral hypothalamus (LH). G: Arcuate hypothalamic nucleus (Arc). H: Paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN). I: Lateral septal nucleus (LS). J: Medial orbital cortex (MO). K: Piriform cortex (Pir). L: Angular insular cortex (AI) and olfactory nucleus (ON). The data obtained for the NIC treatment at the above representative sites were qualitatively identical to those obtained for the NIC-PM treatment.