Figure 2.

Intrathecal etanercept attenuates carrageenan-induced thermal and mechanical hypersensitivity. Graphs showing the effect of etanercept (30 and 100 μg) injected i.t. 1 h before carrageenan injection on (A) thermal withdrawal latencies and (C) mechanical withdrawal thresholds over time compared with the i.t. vehicle (saline)-injected group. (B and D) Bar graphs showing the related hyperalgesic indeces calculated for the 0–240 min time period after carrageenan injection. Control group represent naïve rats without carrageenan injection. All data are presented as mean ± SEM, *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001, versus vehicle controls.