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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Dec 19.
Published in final edited form as: Adv Cancer Res. 2014;121:1–65. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-800249-0.00001-9

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Transcriptomal profiling of human GBMs identified a proneural subgroup of patients with better overall survival compared to proliferative or mesenchymal subgroups. With no stratification based on survival, Verhaak et al. identified four subgroups and found that approximately 35% of proneural GBMs displayed IDH1/2 mutations along with a hypermethylated (CIMP+) phenotype. Sturm et al. extended these observations to also include childhood GBMs and found that hotspot mutations in H3F3A and IDH1 defined distinct epigenetic and biological subgroups. While proneural GBMs are associated with OPC-like gene expression signature, more aggressive GBMs express genes known to drive mesenchymal transcriptional networks.