Table 1.1. Murine glioma models.
| Cancer genes | Cell of Origin | Mechanism | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Astrocytoma models (II—III) | |||
| c-myc | GFAP | Transgenic | Jensen et al. (2003) |
| K-ras | GFAP | Cre | Abel et al. (2009) |
| H-Ras | GFAP | Transgenic | Shannon et al. (2005) |
| H-Ras/Ptenloxp/loxp | GFAP | Cre | Wei et al. (2006) |
| EGFR/Ink4a/Arf−/− | Nestin | RCAS | Holland, Hively, DePinho, and Varmus (1998) |
| Oligodendroglioma models | |||
| H-ras/EGFRvlll | GFAP | Transgenic | Ding et al. (2003) |
| v-ErbB/Ink4a/Arf+/− | S100β | Transgenic | Weiss et al. (2003) |
| v-ErbB/Trp53−/− | S100β | Transgenic | Persson et al. (2010) |
| PDGFB/Ink4a/Arf−/− | Nestin | RCAS | Dai et al. (2001) |
| PDGFB/Akt | Nestin | RCAS | Dai et al. (2005) |
| PDGFB | CNP | RCAS | Lindberg, Kastemar, Olofsson, Smits, and Uhrbom (2009) |
| PDGFAL | GFAP | Transgenic | Nazarenko et al. (2011) |
| Glioblastoma (GBM) models | |||
| PDGFB | Nestin | RCAS | Shih et al. (2004) |
| PDGFB/Trp53−/− | GFAP | Transgenic | Hede et al. (2009) |
| K-Ras/Akt | Nestin | RCAS | Holland et al. (2000) |
| K-Ras/Ink4a/ArT−/− | GFAP, Nestin | RCAS | Uhrbom et al. (2002) |
| K-Ras/Akt/Ptenloxp/loxp | Nestin | RCAS/Cre | Hu et al. (2005) |
| Nflloxp/+/Trp53+/− | GFAP | Cre | Zhu et al. (2005) |
| Ptenloxp/+/Trp53loxp/loxp | GFAP | Cre | Zheng et al. (2008) |
| Ptenloxp/+/Nflloxp/+/Trp53loxp/− | GFAP | Cre | Kwon et al. (2008) |
| Ptenloxp/+/Nflloxp/+/Trp53loxp/loxp | SVZ, Nestin | CreER | Alcantara Llaguno et al. (2009) |
| Akt/H-Ras/Trp53+/− | SVZ, HC, GFAP | Lentiviral/Cre | Marumoto et al. (2009) |
| Ptenloxp/loxp/Trp53loxp/loxp/Rbloxp/loxp | SVZ, GFAP | Adenoviral/Cre | Jacques et al. (2010) |
| NfI+/−/Trp53loxp/loxp | GFAP | Transgenic/Cre | Wang et al. (2009) |
| PDGFB/Ptenloxp/loxp/Trp53loxp/loxp | Subcortical WM | Retroviral/Cre | Lei et al. (2011) |
| Ptcnloxp/loxp/Trp53loxp/loxpRblloxp/loxp | Astrocyte (GFAP) | CreER | Chow et al. (2011) |
| NfI−/−/Trp53−/− | OPC (NG2), NSCs (GFAP/Nestin) | MADM/Cre | Liu, Sage, et al. (2011) |
| EGFRvlll/Ink4a/Arf−/− | NSC, Astrocyte | Transplant | Bachoo et al. (2002) |
As a useful tool for pre-clinical studies and the delineation of cell of origins for different types of glioma, GEMMs of glioma generate tumors resembling grade II-IV human counterparts.
NSC, neural stem cell; OPC, oligodendrocyte progenitor cell; SVZ, subventricular zone; WM, white matter; HC, hippocampus.