Table II.

Social Competence of Children Born Very Preterm and Full Term at Age 4 Years.

Outcome	Very Preterm (n=103)	Full Term (n=105)	F/X²	P	Adj. p^*	Effect Size (d)
Emotional and Behavioral Adjustment
Mean (SD) parent-rated inhibitory control problems	25.59 (6.03)	23.94 (5.19)	4.47	.03	.07	.29
Mean (SD) parent-rated hyperactivity/inattention	3.82 (2.45)	2.99 (2.21)	6.55	.01	.02	.35
Mean (SD) parent-rated conduct problems	2.68 (2.08)	2.24 (1.67)	2.84	.09	.39	.23
Mean (SD) parent-rated emotional symptoms	2.03 (1.76)	1.44 (1.38)	7.24	.008	.02	.37
Mean (SD) Total adjustment problems score	103.52 (9.76)	100.05 (7.30)	8.48	.004	.02	.40
Emotional Regulation^‡
Mean (SD) parent-rated emotional regulation	25.12 (3.07)	26.12 (2.65)	6.23	.01	.04	-.34
Mean (SD) parent-rated self-regulation problems	4.62 (3.50)	3.03 (2.46)	14.12	<.001	.003	.52
Mean (SD) examiner-rated emotion regulation	15.22 (3.47)	16.45 (3.32)	6.74	.01	.02	-.36
Mean (SD) Total Emotional dysregulation score	104.79 (9.35)	100.03 (7.84)	15.54	<.001	.001	.55
Social Interaction Behavior
Mean (SD) parent-rated peer play interaction	25.32 (2.83)	26.15 (3.09)	3.96	.04	.09	-.28
Mean (SD) parent-rated peer play disruption	27.12 (3.90)	26.82 (3.70)	0.32	.57	.83	.07
Mean (SD) parent-rated peer play disconnection	15.05 (2.96)	14.79 (3.07)	0.37	.54	.59	.08
Mean (SD) Parent-child interactional synchrony	9.61 (2.10)	10.28 (2.06)	4.92	.02	.06	-.32
Mean (SD) Total Interpersonal difficulties score ^†	102.63 (5.74)	100.02 (5.76)	10.17	.002	.005	.45
Social Cognition
% Passed Sally-Ann task	44.7	52.4	1.24	.26	.54	-
% Passed Smarties task	7.8	14.3	2.24	.13	.29	-
% Passed Fishing story	23.3	25.7	.16	.68	.88	-
Mean (SD) N. tasks passed	.76 (.84)	.92 (.89)	.004	.17	.43	-.18

Adjusted for family SES.

^‡

Based on 99 VPT children due to 3 incomplete questionnaires and 1 missing booklet.

^†

Based on 101 VPT children due to 2 incomplete interview booklets.