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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Med. 2014 Jun 1;20(7):778–784. doi: 10.1038/nm.3484

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Evaluation of quadrapeutics for intraoperative real-time diagnosis and treatment of HNSCC MRD. (a) Experimental model of intraoperative diagnosis and treatment of MRD. Primary tumor (tumor), residual microtumor (RT) in surgical margins (SM), laser beam scan range and PNB detection with acoustic sensor (AS) and acoustic trace of the PNB (inset). (b) Intraoperative diagnosis of MRD. Amplitudes of the PNB acoustic traces obtained during the laser scans in GNP-treated and untreated animals for primary tumors before their resection (T, red), surgical margins immediately after the tumor resection (pink) and adjacent normal tissue (N, white); horizontal gray line shows the background level of acoustic signal. Data are expressed as mean ± s.e.m. (n = 3). (c–e) Intraoperative treatment of MRD. Fluorescent images of GFP-encoded tumors obtained 28 d after surgery alone (I, n = 5) (c), surgery and adjuvant chemoradiation (S, n = 6) (d) or surgery and adjuvant quadrapeutics (Q, n = 7) (e) (all therapeutic doses identical to those shown in Fig. 4). (f) Metrics of recurrent tumors obtained in 28 d after the intraoperative treatment of MRD. Green, level of the tumor fluorescence; gray, incidence rate of a recurrence tumor (I, n = 5; S, n = 6; Q, n = 7). Data are expressed as mean ± s.e.m. *P < 0.05, as determined by two-tailed Student’s t-test.