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. 2014 Nov 6;5:5367. doi: 10.1038/ncomms6367

Figure 3. Chemotaxis and directional sensing in dynamically changing gradients are rectified by temporal information.

Figure 3

(a–d) Temporally increasing gradient. (e–h) Temporally decreasing gradient. (i–l) Inverse wave. (m–p) Alternating gradient. The sign of the space (blue)/time (grey) derivatives of the stimulus are indicated by ‘+’ and ‘−’ (o,p). Schematics (a,e,i,m), and the space–time plot (b,f,j,n) of the stimulus. RBD localization in the positive and negative direction (c,g,k,o; left panel; blue and orange) and representative confocal images (c,g,k,o; right panels). Cell displacement (d,h,l,p; magenta). Time series of the extracellular cAMP level (c,d,g,h,k,l,o,p; green). Time t=0 indicates the point at which the stimulus concentration was above (c,d) or below (g,h,k,l) a threshold (0.01% of the maximum for c and d; 99.5% for g, h, k and l). Data were averages over n=13 (c,d), 22 (g,h), 21 (k,l) and 6 (o,p) cells. Error bars indicate s.e.m. Scale bar, 10 μm.