Table 1.
Cold-active enzymes identified by functional metagenomics
| Enzyme | Host/vector | Positive/total clones | Screening technique | T opt | pHopt | Origin of sample | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lipase | E. coli/fosmid | 70/>7,000 | Agar based | 35 | N.A. | Baltic sea sediment | Hardeman and Sjoling (2007) |
| Lipase | E. coli/cosmid | N.A. | Agar based | 30 | 7 | Oil-contaminated soil (Northern Germany) | Elend et al. (2007) |
| Lipase | E. coli/fosmid | 1/8,823 | Agar based | 25 | 8 | Deep-sea sediment (Papua New Guinea) | Jeon et al. (2009a) |
| Lipase | E. coli/fosmid | 1/6,000 | Agar based | 30 | 8 | Intertidal sediment (Korea) | Kim et al. (2009) |
| Lipase | E. coli/plasmid | 2/N.A. | Agar based | 20 | 7–9 | Soil from different altitude of Taishan (China) | Wei et al. (2009) |
| Lipase | E. coli/fosmid | 1/2,400 | Agar based | 35 | 8 | Mangrove sediment (Brazil) | Couto et al. (2010) |
| Lipase | E. coli/fosmid | 1/386,400 | Agar based | 25 | 8 | Tidal sediment (Korea) | Lee et al. (2012) |
| Lipase | E. coli/fosmid | 6/81,100 | Agar based | 30–35 | 7.5–8.5 | Deep-sea sediment | Jeon et al. (2011) |
| Esterase | E. coli/fosmid | 1/N.A. | Agar based | 50–55 | 10–11 | Deep-sea sediment (Papua New Guiney) | Park et al. (2007) |
| Esterase | E. coli/fosmid | 3/100,000 | Agar based | 40 | 9.0 | Antarctic desert soil | Heath et al. (2009) |
| Esterase | E. coli/fosmid | 6/60,132 | Agar based | 30 | 8 | Arctic seashore sediment | Jeon et al. (2009b) |
| Esterase | E. coli/fosmid | 1/N.A. | Agar based | 35 | 7.5 | Arctic intertidal sediment | Fu et al. (2013) |
| Esterase | E. coli/fosmid | 3/100,000 | Agar based | 20 | 11 | Antarctic desert soil | Hu et al. (2012) |
| Esterase | E. coli/fosmid | 1/31,872 | Agar based | 35 | 8.5 | Swamp sediment (Korea) | Seo et al. (2014) |
| Esterase | E. coli/fosmid | 121/60,000 | Agar based | 20–30 | 9 | Arctic soil | Yu et al. (2011) |
| Esterase | E. coli/phage | 95/274,000 | Agar based | 15–40 | 8–10 | Oil-contaminated seawater | Tchigvintsev et al. (2014) |
| Phthalate Esters Hydrolase | E. coli/fosmid | N.A./100,000 | Agar based | 10 | 7.5 | Wastewater treatment plant (China) | Jiao et al. (2013) |
| Amylase | E. coli/cosmid | 1/350,000 | Agar based | 40 | 6.5 | Soil (Himalaya) | Sharma et al. (2010) |
| Amylase | E. coli/BAC | 2/2,843 | Agar based | 15 | 8–9 | Ikaite columns (Greenland) | Vester et al. (2014a) |
| Cellulase | E. coli/BAC | 11/10,000 | Agar based | 10–50 | 6–9 | Antarctic soil | Berlemont et al. (2009) |
| Cellulase | E. coli/plasmid | 1/8,500 | Agar based | 28 | 4.5 | Cold desert (Himalaya) | Bhat et al. (2013) |
| Cellulase | E. coli/plasmid | 1/40,000 | Agar based | 40 | 7 | Brown alga associated microorganism (France) | Martin et al. (2014) |
| β-Galactosidase | E. coli/plasmid | 3/1,200 | Agar based | 38 | 7 | Topsoil of oil field (China) | Wang et al. (2010) |
| β-Galactosidase | E. coli/BAC | 2/2,843 | Agar based | 37 | 6–7 | Ikaite columns (Greenland) | Vester et al. (2014b) |
| β-Galactosidase | E. coli/plasmid | 1/1,100 | Agar based | 40 | 6.5 | Baltic sea water | Wierzbicka-Wos et al. (2013) |
| Xylanase | E. coli/phagemid | 1/5,000,000 | Agar based | 20 | 6–7 | Waste lagoon of dairy farm (California) | Lee et al. (2006) |
| Chitinase | E. coli/fosmid | 1/29,000 | Agar based | 30 | N.A. | Genomes from Antarctic soil (1) and Arctic sea (9) bacteria | Kim et al. (2014) |
| DNA polymerase I | E. coli/plasmid and fosmid | 15/23,000 and 1/4,000 | Growth assay | N.A. | N.A. | Glacial ice (Germany) | Simon et al. (2009) |
Adapted and updated from Cavicchioli et al. (2011, ©John Wiley and Sons)
N.A. not applicable or not available