Fig. 3.

A cyclic swelling (I) and shrinkage (II) of mitochondria intracristal space associated with the transfer of electrons through the cytochrome bc ₁ dimers, ion transport in ATP synthase and ATP synthesis; electron transfer from dehydrogenase (Deh) to cytochrome oxidase (Cytaa ₃) through ubiquinol (CoQH₂), dimeric cytochrome bc ₁ and cytochrome c, 1 outer membrane, 2 inner membrane, α, β, γ, δ, ε, b ₂, a—subunits of ATP synthase. Schematically shown is the rotation of the γ-subunit counterclockwise direction during energization and clockwise direction in the synthesis of ATP—deenergization. This figure was made by the authors on the basis of drawings from Lehninger (1966)