Table 3.
Deficient n = 159 | Insufficient n = 308 | Sufficient n = 529 | Total n = 996 | P | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
TB status, n (%): | <0.0001 | ||||
- Controls | 113 (71.1%) | 241 (78.2%) | 460 (87%) | 814 (81.7%) | |
- Latent TB | 28 (17.6%) | 52 (16.9%) | 58 (11%) | 138 (13.9%) | |
- Active TB | 18 (11.3%) | 15 (4.9%) | 11 (2%) | 44 (4.4%) | |
Enrolling centre, n (%): | <0.0001 | ||||
- Evelina London Children’s | 26 (16.4%) | 23 (7.5%) | 14 (2.6%) | 63 (6.4%) | |
Hospital, London, UK | |||||
- Great Ormond Street | 8 (5%) | 5 (1.6%) | 2 (0.4%) | 15 (1.5%) | |
Hospital, London, UK | |||||
- Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy | 125 (78.6%) | 280 (90.9%) | 513 (97%) | 918 (92.1%) | |
Age, median (IQR) | 6.5 (4.2-10.3) | 6.6 (4–9.7) | 4.8 (2.5-7.6) | 5.8 (3.1-8.5) | <0.0001 |
Gender, n (%): | 0.106 | ||||
- Male | 85 (53.5%) | 182 (59.1%) | 329 (62.2%) | 596 (59.8%) | |
- Female | 74 (46.5%) | 122 (39.6%) | 195 (36.9%) | 391 (39.3%) | |
- Not known | 0 (0%) | 4 (1.3%) | 5 (0.9%) | 9 (0.9%) | |
Country of origin*, n (%): | <0.0001 | ||||
- Asia | 27 (17%) | 44 (14.3%) | 98 (18.5%) | 169 (17%) | |
- Latin America | 25 (15.7%) | 74 (24%) | 112 (21.2%) | 211 (21.2%) | |
- Eastern Europe § | 48 (30.2%) | 95 (30.8%) | 188 (35.5%) | 331 (33.2%) | |
- Western Europe | 4 (2.5%) | 18 (5.8%) | 24 (4.5%) | 46 (4.6%) | |
- Nord Africa | 7 (4.4%) | 8 (2.6%) | 4 (0.8%) | 19 (1.9%) | |
- Sub-Saharan Africa | 42 (26.4%) | 65 (21.1%) | 98 (18.5%) | 205 (20.6%) | |
- Other | 1 (0.6%) | 3 (1%) | 4 (0.8%) | 8 (0.8%) | |
- Not known | 5 (3.1%) | 1 (0.3%) | 1 (0.2%) | 7 (0.7%) | |
Ethnic group, n (%): | <0.0001 | ||||
- African | 50 (30.8%) | 74 (24%) | 101 (19.1%) | 225 (22.6%) | |
- Asiatic | 24 (15.1%) | 43 (14%) | 102 (19.3%) | 169 (17%) | |
- Caucasian | 52 (32.7%) | 115 (37.3%) | 211 (39.9%) | 378 (37.9%) | |
- Hispanic | 27 (17%) | 73 (23.7%) | 111 (21%) | 211 (21.2%) | |
- Other | 1 (1.2%) | 2 (0.7%) | 3 (0.5%) | 6 (0.6%) | |
- Not known | 5 (3.2%) | 1 (0.3%) | 1 (0.2%) | 7 (0.7%) | |
Risk factors for vitamin D | 0.932 | ||||
deficiency†, n (%): | |||||
- Yes | 93 (58.5%) | 180 (58.4%) | 303 (57.3%) | 576 (57.8%) | |
- No | 66 (41.5%) | 128 (41.6%) | 226 (42.7%) | 420 (42.2%) | |
Season when blood test was | <0.0001 | ||||
done, n (%): | |||||
- Spring-Summer | 58 (36.5%) | 145 (47.1) | 339 (64.1%) | 542 (54.4%) | |
- Winter-Autumn | 101 (63.5%) | 163 (52.9) | 190 (35.9%) | 454 (45.6%) | |
Vitamin D level (nmol/L), median (IQR) | 20 (15.5-22.5) | 37.5 (32.5-42.5) | 72.5 (57.5-87.5) | 35 (24–54.5) | |
Calcium (mmol/L), median (IQR) | 2.35 (2.28-2.42) | 2.37 (2.3-2.43) | 2.38 (2.33-2.48) | 2.4 (2.26-2.46) | 0.030 |
Phosphate (mmol/L), median (IQR) | 1.5 (1.3-1.65) | 1.59 (1.41-1.68) | 1.65 (1.49-1.81) | 1.5 (1.28-1.61) | 0.001 |
*Whether the child’s family is originally from a TB endemic country, this has been indicated as country of origin, independently from the country of birth.
§Albania, Belarus, Bulgaria, Kosovo, Macedonia, Moldavia, Poland, Czech Republic, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Ukraine, Hungary.
†African, Asiatic and Hispanic ethnic group.