Table 2.
Means, standard deviations, and significant comparisons for HoNOS ratings
| HoNOS item | Refugee outpatients | Schizophrenia | Affective disorders | All anxiety disorders | Personality disorders | Addiction | Dementia |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (F20-29) | (F30-39) | (F40-49) | (F60-69) | (F10-19) | (F00-09) | ||
| n = 448 (SD) | n = 3175 (SD) | n = 3081 (SD) | n = 1781 (SD) | n = 1030 (SD) | n = 950 (SD) | n = 950 (SD) | |
| Behavioural problems | |||||||
| 1 Overactive, aggression | 1.14 (0.82) | 0.67* (1.04) | 0.39* (0.81) | 0.36* (0.78) | 0.49* (0.89) | 0.63* (1.04) | 1.09 (1.27) |
| 2 Non-accidental self-injury | 0.46 (0.71) | 0.34 (0.85) | 0.50 (1.06) | 0.79* (1.29) | 0.74* (1.19) | 0.59 (1.13) | 0.24* (0.75) |
| 3 Problem-drinking or drug taking | 0.12 (0.47) | 0.64* (1.14) | 0.47* (0.97) | 0.55* (1.03) | 0.74* (1.18) | 2.73* (1.11) | 0.34* (0.91) |
| Organic problems | |||||||
| 4 Cognitive problems | 1.60 (0.76) | 0.76* (1.01) | 0.52* (0.87) | 0.29* (0.67) | 0.36* (0.71) | 0.82* (1.11) | 2.14* (1.36) |
| 5 Physical illness | 1.70 (0.98) | 0.52* (0.99) | 0.79* (1.12) | 0.62* (1.07) | 0.56* (0.97) | 0.87* (1.17) | 1.54 (1.40) |
| Psychological problems | |||||||
| 6 Hallucinations/delusions | 0.60 (1.0) | 2.10* (1.30) | 0.48 (0.97) | 0.32* (0.77) | 0.57 (1.0) | 0.73 (1.17) | 1.38* (1.32) |
| 7 Depressed mood | 2.20 (0.84) | 0.88* (0.88) | 1.87* (1.11) | 1.48* (0.93) | 1.42* (0.91) | 1.13* (0.96) | 0.93* (0.96) |
| 8 Comorbidity/Anxiety | 2.90 (0.92) | 2.09* (1.10) | 1.96* (1.10) | 2.04* (1.10) | 2.11* (1.03) | 1.87* (1.17) | 2.06* (1.26) |
| Social problems | |||||||
| 9 Problems with relationships | 2.10 (0.93) | 1.58* (1.27) | 1.04* (1.15) | 1.02* (1.17) | 1.43* (1.18) | 1.27* (1.23) | 1.66* (1.43) |
| 10 Problems with activities and… | 1.30 (0.83) | 1.11* (1.16) | 0.95* (1.11) | 0.52* (0.92) | 0.76* (1.02) | 1.06* (1.22) | 2.00* (1.48) |
| 11 Living conditions | 0.60 (0.92) | 0.71 (1.14) | 0.41* (0.90) | 0.56 (1.15) | 0.55 (1.05) | 0.78 (1.24) | 0.98* (1.37) |
| 12 Problems with occupation | 0.95 (1.0) | 0.77 (1.12) | 0.52* (0.94) | 0.47* (0.95) | 0.52* (0.92) | 0.83 (1.18) | 1.19 (1.43) |
| Total | 15.70 (5.60) | 12.16* (5.87) | 9.90* (5.19) | 9.01* (4.96) | 10.24* (5.17) | 13.32* (6.54) | 15.55 (7.32) |
Note: HoNOS = Health of Nation Outcome Scales, *p < .0001, clinically important elevations are bolded, because of the number of comparisons, t-values are not reported (can be acquired through the first author).