Table 3.
Factors Associated with Potential Underuse Only, Inappropriate Use Only and Both in those with Mild to Moderate Dementia (n = 1076)
| Factors | Underuse Only (n = 556) | Inappropriate Only (n = 94) | Both (n = 199) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Adj. RRR (95% CI) | Adj. RRR (95% CI) | Adj. RRR (95% CI) | |
| Demographics | |||
| Age | |||
| 65–74 | reference | reference | reference |
| 75–84 | 0.56 (0.34–0.93) | 0.56 (0.26–1.21) | 0.37 (0.19–0.73) |
| 85+ | 0.70 (0.36–1.35) | 1.12 (0.41–3.01) | 0.53 (0.24–1.16) |
| Race* | |||
| White | reference | reference | reference |
| Black | 0.85 (0.52–1.38) | 0.41 (0.19–0.88) | 0.30 (0.15–0.61) |
| Other | 1.47 (0.69–3.11) | 0.22 (0.04–1.12) | 1.31 (0.55–3.14) |
| Female gender | 2.98 (0.69–12.9) | 4.08 (0.76–21.99) | 6.70 (1.41–31.71) |
| Education | |||
| Below high school | reference | reference | reference |
| High school | 0.86 (0.61–1.20) | 0.94 (0.54–1.64) | 0.96 (0.60–1.53) |
| Above high school | 0.96 (0.58–1.58) | 0.75 (0.40–1.40) | 0.69 (0.38–1.26) |
| Health Status | |||
| Comorbidity Index (excluding dementia) | 1.08 (0.99–1.18) | 0.98 (0.86–1.11) | 1.12 (1.01–1.24) |
| Other Medications* | |||
| 0–1 | reference | reference | reference |
| 2–4 | 1.01 (0.72–1.42) | 1.01 (0.61–1.68) | 0.74 (0.45–1.20) |
| 5+ | 2.72 (1.76–4.21) | 1.12 (0.53–2.38) | 2.02 (1.09–3.71) |
| Bipolar* | 4.43 (1.31–15.08) | 3.42 (0.70–16.64) | 5.91 (1.65–21.13) |
| Schizophrenia* | 2.45 (1.26–4.79) | 0.89 (0.32–2.45) | 3.64 (1.62–8.15) |
| Hypnotic use | 0.28 (0.28–2.86) | too few to calculate | 1.52 (0.27–8.66) |
| Antidepressant use* | 0.83 (0.61–1.13) | 2.12 (1.27–3.52) | 1.59 (1.02–2.47) |
| Antipsychotic use | 0.96 (0.91–1.01) | 1.08 (1.03–1.12) | 1.04 (0.99–1.08) |
| Memantine use* | 0.32 (0.17–0.60) | 0.58 (0.22–1.48) | 0.09 (0.18–0.41) |
| Site Level Indicators | |||
| Small Bed Size (<60) | reference | reference | reference |
| Medium Bed Size (60–120) | 1.04 (0.58–1.87) | 1.79 (0.67–4.77) | 1.17 (0.57–2.41) |
| Large Bed Size (>120) | 0.70 (0.36–1.35) | 1.53 (0.57–4.12) | 0.89 (0.42–1.89) |
| Rural | 1.26 (0.73–2.13) | 1.22 (0.72–2.07) | 1.39 (0.74–2.62) |
| North East Region* | reference | reference | reference |
| Midwest Region | 0.76 (0.42–1.38) | 0.47 (0.25–0.87) | 0.76 (0.41–1.40) |
| South Region | 0.60 (0.37–0.97) | 0.38 (0.21–0.70) | 0.48 (0.27–0.86) |
| West Region | 1.25 (0.69–2.23) | 0.57 (0.18–1.74) | 0.86 (0.42–1.77) |
Abbreviations: Adj. = adjusted; CI = confidence interval; RRR = relative rate ratio
*
P<0.05 for overall multiparameter Wald test for the factor