Table 2.

Perioperative outcomes in entire cohort of patients undergoing lobectomy (N=1227)

Variable	Thoracotomy only (n=623)	VATS only (n=517)	VATS conversion to Thoracotomy (n=87)	P
Mean length of stay (LOS), days	7.5 ± 7.2	4.6 ± 4.7	7.6 ± 7.4	<0.0001*
Any post-operative complication	264 (42%)	119 (23%)	40 (46%)	<0.0001
Pneumonia	48 (8%)	20 (4%)	11 (13%)	0.002
Empyema	2 (0.3%)	3 (0.6%)	0	0.653
Arrhythmia	97 (16%)	52 (10%)	16 (18%)	0.009
Atelectasis	27 (4%)	5 (1%)	7 (8%)	<0.0001
Air leak > 5 days	39 (6%)	21 (4%)	2 (2%)	0.115
Pulmonary embolus	3 (0.5%)	1 (0.2%)	2 (2%)	0.034
Respiratory failure	29 (5%)	1 (0.2%)	7 (8%)	<0.0001
Re-operation for bleeding	7 (1%)	3 (0.6%)	1 (1%)	0.605
Myocardial infarction	2 (0.3%)	1 (0.2%)	0	0.811
Cerebrovascular accident	3 (0.5%)	2 (0.4%)	2 (2%)	0.083
Wound infection	6 (1%)	0	0	0.054
Operative mortality	5 (0.8%)	0	1 (1%)	0.10
Pathologic upstaging †	105 (19%)	72 (16%)	12 (16%)	0.610

^*Post-hoc testing noted statistical difference in LOS between Thoracotomy only and VATS only, and between VATS only and VATS conversion to thoracotomy

^†Pathologic upstaging data in 1075 patients