Table 1.
RCTs investigating snacking and weight.
| Study | Design | Results |
|---|---|---|
| Bertéus Forslund 2008 | 1 year two arm trial of 3 meals/day or 3 meals + 3 snacks/day | No effect on weight loss |
| Johnstone 2000 | 9 day cross-over | No effect on body weight |
| Poston 2005 | 24 week CR diet for weight-loss; snacker and non-snackers were assigned to meal replacement or meal replacement plus snacks | No effect on weight loss |
| Tey 2011 | Hazelnuts, chocolate, potato crisps, or no snacks (1100 kJ/d) for 12 weeks to be eaten daily | No effect on body weight, BMI, fat mass, body fat%, waist fat %, or waist circumference |
| Vander Wal 2006 | 8 weeks standardized meals with or without post dinner snack | No effect on body weight, BMI, BF%, or WC |
| Viskaal van Dongen 2010 | High or low energy density snacks with or apart from meals (25% of energy) for 8 weeks | No effect on body weight or changes in body fat |
| Waller 2004 | 4 weeks cereal snack at least 90 minutes after dinner. | No significant effect on weight change for compliant and total samples (p>0.05) |
| Whybrow 2007 | Partial cross-over, 14 d, high fat, high carb, or mixed snack at 0, 1.5, or 3.0 MJ/d | No effect on weight change |
| Zaveri 2009 | Almond or cereal bar snack or neither for 12 weeks | No effect on body weight, BMI, BF%, WC, or waist:hip |