Rooted protein maximum-likelihood analysis of OspC showing that the eastern North Dakota isolates group with North American B. burgdorferi. OspC groups are indicated by a vertical black line and a single-letter code. The sequences included (approximately) residues 25 to 198. The node values represent bootstrap values from 1,000 replicates. Red, eastern North Dakota isolates; purple, North American Lyme disease-associated Borrelia; blue, Eurasian Lyme disease-associated Borrelia; black, unknown species; pink, relapsing fever outgroup.