Fig. 3.

Regulation of the pancreatic β-cell by glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). GLUT2, glucose transporter 2; K-ATP, ATP-sensitive potassium channel; TCA, tricarboxylic acid; EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor; VDCC, voltage-dependent calcium channels; PI3K, phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase; IRS, insulin receptor substrate; PKC, protein kinase C; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; cAMP, cyclic adenosine monophosphate; PKA, protein kinase A; AC, adenylate cyclase; Epac, exchange protein activated by cAMP.