Table 1.
Baseline demographic characteristics of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients and controls
|
Lean-NAFLD (n = 731) |
Overweight-obese-NAFLD (n = 1048) |
P value | |||
| Controls | NAFLD | Controls | NAFLD | ||
| Participants, n (%) | 597 (81.67) | 134 (18.33) | 284 (27.10) | 764 (72.90) | |
| Age (yr) | 43.19 ± 11.59 | 48.17 ± 10.5a | 46.72 ± 11.15b | 46.92 ± 11.19 | < 0.01 |
| Male (%) | 28.48 | 54.48 | 51.41 | 72.25 | < 0.01 |
| Education (%) | |||||
| Never | 0.66 | 1.92 | 0.90 | 0.87 | 0.30 |
| Primary | 0.66 | 0.00 | 2.26 | 1.56 | |
| Junior | 4.20 | 2.88 | 6.33 | 3.65 | |
| Senior | 15.27 | 11.54 | 19.46 | 18.92 | |
| College | 63.50 | 66.35 | 58.37 | 61.98 | |
| Postgraduate | 15.71 | 17.31 | 12.67 | 13.02 | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 21.37 ± 1.71 | 22.74 ± 1.13a | 25.98 ± 1.66b | 27.57 ± 2.63ac | < 0.01 |
| Body weight (kg) | 57.64 ± 7.14 | 64.09 ± 7.31a | 71.32 ± 9.49b | 78.81 ± 11.64ac | < 0.01 |
| Body fat (%) | 24.83 ± 5.40 | 26.17 ± 4.96a | 29.61 ± 4.73b | 30.05 ± 4.49c | < 0.01 |
| Body fat mass (kg) | 14.26 ± 3.37 | 16.59 ± 2.68a | 20.91 ± 3.34b | 23.59 ± 4.61ac | < 0.01 |
| WC (cm) | 75.50 ± 7.06 | 82.42 ± 6.29a | 87.06 ± 7.16b | 93.45 ± 8.70c | < 0.01 |
| VAI | 1.52 ± 1.99 | 2.04 ± 2.21a | 1.85 ± 2.32b | 2.08 ± 1.50 | < 0.01 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 119.48 ± 15.45 | 126.46 ± 16.24a | 129.37 ± 19.86b | 132.20 ± 17.29c | < 0.01 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 74.04 ± 10.04 | 80.05 ± 11.74a | 79.33 ± 12.17b | 82.84 ± 10.57ac | < 0.01 |
| Physical activity (%) | |||||
| None | 83.92 | 89.52 | 80.27 | 85.10 | 0.45 |
| Moderate | 14.98 | 10.48 | 18.39 | 13.86 | |
| Vigorous | 1.10 | 0.00 | 1.35 | 1.04 | |
| Drinking (%) | 23.82 | 36.89 | 39.25 | 49.02 | < 0.01 |
| Smoking (%) | |||||
| Never | 86.09 | 82.52 | 81.45 | 68.34 | < 0.01 |
| ≤ 1 cigarettes/d | 1.10 | 0.97 | 1.36 | 2.25 | |
| ≤ 10 cigarettes/d | 5.08 | 3.88 | 5.43 | 7.96 | |
| ≤ 20 cigarettes/d | 5.74 | 8.74 | 7.24 | 14.01 | |
| > 20 cigarettes/d | 1.99 | 3.88 | 4.52 | 7.44 | |
| Diabetes (%) | 4.58 | 15.67 | 9.54 | 16.49 | < 0.01 |
| Hypertension (%) | 12.23 | 34.71 | 32.08 | 43.67 | < 0.01 |
| Hyperlipidemia (%) | 34.20 | 49.25 | 47.69 | 59.47 | < 0.01 |
| MS (%) | 3.06 | 14.53 | 26.47 | 46.64 | < 0.01 |
| Central obesity (%) | 14.96 | 29.41 | 69.55 | 84.64 | < 0.01 |
| Obesity (%) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 11.97 | 37.70 | < 0.01 |
a
P < 0.05 vs control in same weight group;
b
P < 0.05 vs Lean-control group,
c
P < 0.05 vs Lean-NAFLD group. NAFLD: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; BMI: Body mass index; WC: Waist circumstance; VAI: Visceral adiposity index; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; MS: Metabolic syndrome.