Paclitaxel-induced ROS is required for HIF-1α expression and BCSC enrichment. (A and B) SUM-149 and SUM-159 cells were treated either with vehicle, paclitaxel, or paclitaxel and MnTMPyP. After 4 d, the percentage of cells positive for MitoSox Red was determined by flow cytometry (mean ± SEM; n = 3). *P < 0.001 compared with vehicle-treated cells, and #P < 0.001 compared with paclitaxel-treated cells, by Student's t test. (C and D) Cells were treated as described above and immunoblot assays were performed. (E and F) Cells were treated with vehicle, paclitaxel, or paclitaxel and MnTMPyP for 4 d and mammosphere assays were performed. *P < 0.001 compared with vehicle-treated cells, and #P < 0.001 compared with paclitaxel-treated cells, by Student's t test.