Table 2. Distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) among cases and controls.
| Compound | Cases | Controls | P* | P# | |||
| IARC group† | % | Median (p5–p95) | % | Median (p5–p95) | |||
| Naphthalene | 2B | 2.1 | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | 2.4 | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | 1.000 | 0.807 |
| Acenaphthylene | – | 0.0 | <LOD | 1.0 | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | 0.513 | 0.233 |
| Acenaphthene | 3 | 27.1 | 0.0 (0.0–1.6) | 27.2 | 0.0 (0.0–1.0) | 0.901 | 0.967 |
| Fluorene | 3 | 0.0 | <LOD | 0.0 | <LOD | NA | NA |
| Anthracene | 3 | 0.7 | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | 0.5 | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | 1.000 | 0.811 |
| Phenanthrene | 3 | 49.3 | 0.5 (0.0–3.3) | 62.6 | 0.9 (0.0–4.0) | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Fluoranthene | 3 | 0.0 | <LOD | 0.0 | <LOD | NA | NA |
| Pyrene | 3 | 3.6 | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | 8.3 | 0.0 (0.0–0.03) | 0.074 | 0.066 |
| Benz[a]anthracene | 2B | 11.4 | 0.0 (0.0–0.02) | 14.6 | 0.0 (0.0–0.02) | 0.337 | 0.355 |
| Chrysene | 2B | 5.7 | 0.0 (0.0–0.01) | 4.9 | 0.0 (0.0–0.01) | 0.810 | 0.802 |
| Benzo[b]fluoranthene | 2B | 0.0 | <LOD | 0.0 | <LOD | NA | NA |
| Benzo[k]fluoranthene | 2B | 0.0 | <LOD | 0.0 | <LOD | NA | NA |
| Benzo[a]pyrene | 3 | 0.0 | <LOD | 0.5 | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | 1.000 | 0.400 |
| Indeno pyrene | 2B | 0.0 | <LOD | 0.0 | <LOD | NA | NA |
| Dibenz[a,h]anthracene | 2A | 0.0 | <LOD | 0.0 | <LOD | NA | NA |
| Benzo[g,h,i]perylene | 3 | 0.0 | <LOD | 0.0 | <LOD | NA | NA |
| ΣPAHs | 63.6 | 0.6 (0.0–4.7) | 71.4 | 1.0 (0.0–5.8) | 0.027 | 0.010 | |
IARC, International Agency for Research on Cancer; p5–p95, percentiles 5 and 95 of the distribution; LOD, limit of detection; NA, not applicable.
†Carcinogenicity of PAHs according to the IARC classification: 2A, probably carcinogenic to humans; 2B, possibly carcinogenic to human beings; 3, not classifiable as carcinogenic to human beings.
*Kruskal–Wallis test comparing the percentage of detection among cases and controls.
#Kruskal–Wallis test comparing the level of detection among cases and controls.