. 2014 Oct 2;4:31. doi: 10.1186/s13613-014-0031-y

Table 8.

Nutritional adequacy in included studies and results for EPN, LPN and EN groups

Outcome	Study	Study arms			Significance of results
Outcome	Study	EPN	LPN	EN	Significance of results
Adequacy of calories (mean% ± SD)	Cahill 2011 [12]	74.1 ± 21.2	57.4 ± 22.7	42.9 ± 21.2	p < 0.001^†
Adequacy of calories (mean% ± SD)	Kutsogiannis 2011 [16]	81.2 ± 23.1	64.3 ± 20.6	63.4 ± 23.4	p < 0.0001^†
Adequacy of proteins (mean% ± SD)	Cahill 2011 [12]	71.5 ± 24.9	53.2 ± 22.7	37.8 ± 21.6	p < 0.001^†
Adequacy of proteins (mean% ± SD)	Kutsogiannis 2011 [16]	80.1 ± 30.3	59.9 ± 21.2	59.3 24.3	p < 0.0001^†
Mean energy delivery (kcal/kg/d ± SD; % of energy target ± SD)	Heidegger 2013 [15]	x	28 ± 5; 103 ± 18	20 ± 7; 77 ± 27	p < 0.0001^

EPN, early parenteral nutrition; LPN, late parenteral nutrition; EN, enteral nutrition; %, percentage, SD, standard deviation; p, p-value; kcal, kilocalorie; kg, kilogram; d, day; x, not applicable. NB: studies used different definitions for EPN, LPN and EN. ^†, comparing EPN versus EN and comparing LPN versus EN and comparing EPN versus LPN; ^, analyses between day 4 and day 8.