Table 9.
Remaining secondary end points in included studies and results for EPN, LPN and EN groups
| Outcome | Study |
Study arms |
Significance of results | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EPN | LPN | EN | ||||
| Mechanical ventilation |
Bauer 2000 [11] |
Mean days |
11 ± 9 |
x |
10 ± 8 |
no p-value, ns |
| Casaer 2011 [13] |
Median days |
2 |
2 |
x |
p = 0.02 |
|
| Duration >2 days |
40.2% |
36.3% |
x |
p = 0.006; in LPN 9.7% relative reduction in mechanical ventilation in patients requiring ≥2 days mechanical ventilation |
||
| Doig 2013 [14] |
|
NR |
x |
NR |
EPN: 1.07 fewer days than standard care. |
|
| Mean days per 10 patients x ICU days |
7.73 |
x |
7.26 |
MD −0.47; 95% CI −0.82 to −0.11; p = 0.01) |
||
| Heidegger 2013 [15] |
Mean hours (95% CI) |
x |
153 (126 to 178) |
166 (138 to 189) |
p = 0,2912 |
|
| Cahill 2011 [12] |
Median days |
8.8 |
18.2 |
9.3 |
p < 0.001† |
|
| Kutsogiannis 2011 [16] |
Median days |
9.1 |
14.5 |
8.4 |
p = 0.007^ |
|
| Hypoglycaemia |
Bauer 2000 [11] |
Mean glucose in grams per liter at day 7 (±SD) |
1.16 ± 0.56 |
x |
1.31 ± 0.62 |
p < 0.05 |
| Casaer 2011 [13] |
Number of patients (%) |
45 (1.9) |
81 (3.5) |
x |
p = 0.001 |
|
| Heidegger 2013 [15] |
NR |
x |
NR |
NR |
No difference between EN + LPN vs EN |
|
| Duration of RRT |
Bauer 2000 [11] |
Mean days (±SD) |
0.8 (±2.4) |
x |
0.9 (±2.3) |
No p-value, ns |
| Casaer 2011 [13] |
Median days |
10 |
7 |
x |
p =0.008 |
|
| Heidegger 2013 [15] |
|
x |
NR |
NR |
No difference between EN + LPN vs EN |
|
| Body composition (score increase/week) | Doig 2013 [14] | Increased SGA score/week |
0.43 |
x |
0.27 |
MD −0.16; 95% CI −0.28 to −0.038; p = 0.01 |
| Increased SGA score/week | 0.44 | x | 0.31 | MD −0.13; 95% CI −0.25 to −0.01; p = 0.04 | ||
EPN, early parenteral nutrition; LPN, late parenteral nutrition; EN, enteral nutrition; x, not applicable; p, p-value; ns, nonsignificant; NR, not reported; ICU, intensive care unit; MD, mean difference; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; vs, versus; RRT, renal replacement therapy; SD, standard deviation; SGA, Subjective Global Assessment. NB: studies used different definitions for EPN, LPN and EN. †, comparing EPN versus EN and comparing LPN versus EN. ^, comparing EN versus LPN.