Outcome |
Hourly Wages, age 26 (log base-10) |
1.060 (.22) |
1.054 (.22) |
1.126 (.21) |
1.125 (.21) |
Occupational Ambitions (Age 16) |
Uncertain |
8 |
9 |
9 |
9 |
Multiple Occupations |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
Non-Professional Job |
38 |
36 |
50 |
51 |
Professional |
48 |
45 |
36 |
34 |
Not to Work |
3 |
3 |
0 |
0 |
Refusal |
1 |
3 |
1 |
3 |
Background Factors (age 14) |
Parent(s) Education |
3.144 (1.21) |
3.017 (1.25) |
3.214 (1.15) |
3.126 (1.19) |
Family Income |
9.864 (2.49) |
9.645 (2.66) |
10.058 (2.25) |
9.813 (2.39) |
Parent(s) Educational Expectations |
8.973 (2.60) |
8.766 (2.80) |
8.876 (2.49) |
8.595 (2.69) |
Black |
11 |
13 |
10 |
11 |
Hispanic |
9 |
11 |
9 |
10 |
Asian |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
American Indian |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
White |
76 |
73 |
78 |
74 |
Single Parent |
29 |
33 |
27 |
32 |
Academic Behaviors (age 16) |
Academic Ability |
.177 (.89) |
.052 (.98) |
.115 (.89) |
−.039 (.95) |
Teacher-rated effort |
.673 (2.18) |
.397 (2.36) |
−.362 (2.38) |
−.520 (2.44) |
Educational Attainment (age 26) |
< High School |
1 |
4 |
3 |
6 |
High School/GED |
12 |
12 |
16 |
16 |
Some College |
27 |
30 |
34 |
34 |
Vocational/Technical |
9 |
10 |
6 |
8 |
Associates |
9 |
8 |
8 |
7 |
Baccalaureate |
37 |
32 |
30 |
25 |
Masters, Ph.D., or Professional |
6 |
5 |
3 |
3 |
Current Student Status |
22 |
22 |
21 |
20 |
Work Experience and Current Job Hours (age 26) |
Employed 6+mo. in past 2yrs |
95 |
94 |
97 |
96 |
Employed 50+wks in past yr |
71 |
70 |
78 |
77 |
Part-time hrs in current job |
19 |
19 |
9 |
10 |
Professional job |
17 |
15 |
13 |
12 |
Family Roles (age 26) |
Reside in parental home |
9 |
9 |
10 |
9 |
Single |
50 |
48 |
58 |
58 |
Married |
43 |
41 |
36 |
35 |
Cohabiting |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
Separated, Divorced, or Widowed |
6 |
9 |
4 |
6 |
No Children |
64 |
58 |
70 |
67 |
One Child |
20 |
22 |
17 |
18 |
Two Children |
12 |
14 |
10 |
11 |
Three or more children |
4 |
6 |
3 |
4 |
Uncertain occ. ambitions (age 26) |
11 |
11 |
9 |
9 |
|
Sample size |
3,169 |
4,515 |
3,059 |
4,352 |