Table 2. Descriptive data of the included studies.
| Measure | Authors (Year) | Setting* | Study Sample* | Country |
| PPCP | Shapiro et al. (1981) | family medicine | p: n = 61, 18% m; ph: n = 10, 100% m; audiotapes | USA |
| CSBL | Buijs et al. (1984) | GP's from the Netherlands Institute of General Practitioners | ph: n = 6; 36 video-consultations | Netherlands |
| RIAS | Ong et al. (1998) | 1 & 2: cancer patients with their gynecologist/oncologist/urologist | 1: p: n = 25, 12% m, mean age 55 ys (r: 28–83); ph: n = 6, 80% m 2: p: n = 60; 25% m, mean age 54 ys (SD 17.9); ph: n = 8, 75% m | Netherlands |
| 3: three general practices | 3: p: n = 329, 36.6% m; mean age 49 ys (SD 16.6); ph: n = 15, 86.7% m/patients: n = 103, 34.9% m, mean age 58 ys (SD 14.9); ph: n = 17, 100% m/p: n = 65, 100% f, mean age 36 ys (SD 13.4); ph: n = 17, 35.2% m | |||
| MCCS | Cegala et al. (1998) | general practices | p: n = 52, 35% m, mean age 49 ys (r: 19–89); ph: n = 65, 75% m, mean age 45 ys (r: 28–83) | USA |
| SEGUE Framework | Makoul (2001) | 1: Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago training program | 1: 16 video-consultations | USA |
| 2: Northwestern University Medical School | 2: 52 video-consultations | |||
| 3: different specialist physicians | 3: 46 audio-records | |||
| 4: primary care | 4: 500 video-consultations (approx. 25 patients for each of the 20 academic general internists) | |||
| LIV-MAAS | Robinson et al. (2002) | general practices | 1: p: n = 213, 38% m, ph: n = 15 GPs, 67% m, age 35 to 62 ys, interviews | UK |
| Enzer et al. (2003) | general practices | 2: p: n = 71, 46% m, age 18 to>75 ys; ph: n = 8, 50% m, age 35 to 60 ys, video-consultation | UK | |
| VR-MICS | Del Piccolo et al. (2004) | GPs practices | p: n = 238, 31.1% m, mean age 45 ys; ph: n = 6, 100% m, mean age 46 ys | Italy |
| Del Piccolo et al. (2005) | GPs practices | UK p: n = 30, 40% m, mean age 45.7 ys; Italy p: n = 30, 40% m, mean age 44.1 ys; ph: n = 6 (UK)/6 (Italy), 100% m, age (r: 35–55) ys; | UK, Italy | |
| 4HCS | Krupat et al. (2006) | ambulatory care center of a teaching hospital | p: n = 100, 50% m, mean age 60 ys; p: n = 50; video-consultations | USA |
| Fossli et al. (2010) | outpatient clinic and emergency department of a teaching hospital | p: n = 497, 48% male, mean age 46 ys (SD = 25); ph: n = 71, 62% m, mean age 41 ys (SD = 9); video-consultation | Norway | |
| Scholl et al. (2014) | outpatient care sample of a cross-sectional study | p: n = 67, 37.3% m, mean age 55.7 ys (SD = 15.34); ph: n = 22, 54.5% m, mean age 48.7 ys (SD = 8.22); audio-records | Germany | |
| PBCI | Zandbelt et al. (2005) | outpatient division of an academic teaching hospital | p: n = 330, 42% m, mean age 53 ys (SD = 16), ph: n = 30, 53% male, 38 ys (SD = 8); video-consultations | Netherlands |
| CAT | Makoul et al. (2007) | clinical practices | 1: p: n = 30; ph: n = 17; 2: p: n = 600; ph: n = 20; 3: p: n = 950, age from children to ≥75 ys; ph: n = 38 | USA |
| MPI | Campbell et al. (2007) | GPs practices | p: n = 1884, 33.2% m, 7% not specified; ph: n = 91 | Canada |
| TCom-skill GP Scale | Baumann et al. (2008) | medical check-up in preventive medical centre | p: n = 393, 50.4% m, mean age 47 ys (SD = 14) | France |
| 4HPQ | Gulbrandsen et al. (2008) | hospitals | p: n = 210, 27% m, age (r: 23≥69) ys; ph: n = 16, 69% m, age (r: 29–61) ys | Norway |
| Fossli et al (2011) | outpatient clinic and emergency department of a teaching hospital | p: n = 497, 48% m, mean age 46 ys (SD = 25); ph: n = 71, 62% m, mean age 41 ys (SD = 9) | Norway | |
| CASC | Katsuyama et al. (2008) | physicians practice | p: n = 29, 17% m, mean age 37.9 ys (SD = 20.4); ph: n = 1; 29 audio-records | Japan |
| QQPPI | Bieber et al. (2010) | 4 outpatient clinics of the Medical University Hospital of Heidelberg | p: n = 147, 44.9% m, mean age 48.8 ys (SD = 14,7), ph: n = 19, 68% m | Germany |
| SCCAP | Siminoff et al. (2011) | 1: breast cancer patients and oncologists | p: n = 420, audio-records | USA |
| 2: audiotapes from requests for tissue from the families of deceased | patients 50 from 1200 audio-records | |||
| 3: breast cancer patient and oncologists | p: n = 180, ph: n = 39, patient family members: n = 137 | |||
| GPFI | McMillan et al. (2011) | GPs practice | p: n = 18, ph: n = 6, video-consultations | UK |
| PHCPCS | Salt et al. (2012) | rheumatology clinic | p: n = 150, 26% male, mean age 54 ys (SD = 13.9; range: 21–83) | USA |
| PPCB | Wachira et al. (2013) | routine medical visits | p: n = 400, 43,5% m, mean age 39,5 ys (SD = 8.95; r: 19–73) | Kenya |
| GCRS | Burt et al. (2014) | physicians with simulated patients | n = 42 video-consultations | UK |
*some studies used different settings/samples. p = patients, ph = physician, m = male, f = female, ys = years, r = range. Full titles of the measurements: Physicians-patient communication patterns (PPCP), Classification System of Byrne and Long (CSBL), Roter Interaction Analysis System (RIAS), Medical Communication Competence Scale (MCCS), SEGUE framework, LIV-MAAS Scale (LIV-MAAS), Verona Medical Interview Classification System (VR-MICS), Four Habits Coding Scheme (4HCS), Patient-centred behaviour coding instrument (PBCI), Communication Assessment Tool (CAT), Matched-pair instrument (MPI), TCom-skill GP Scale, the Four Habit Patient Questionnaire (4HPQ), the Computer Analysis system of the physician patient consultation process (CASC), Questionnaire on quality of Physician-Patient Interaction (QQPPI), Siminoff Communication Content & Affect Program (SCCAP), Generic peer feedback instrument (GPFI), the Patient–health care provider communication scale (PHCPCS), Assessment of a Physician-Patient Communication Behaviors Scale (PPCBS), Global Consultation Rating Scale (GCRS).