Table 1. Human studies with plasma levels of dietary ITCs.

Study type	Subjects (n)	Dose	Plasma conc. (µM)	Refs
Metabolisms, pharmacokinetics	4	200 µmol ITCs (largely SFN)	0.94–2.27	Ye et al., 2002 [40].
Metabolism	16	GST(+): 107 & 345.8 µmol SFN; GST(-): 95 & 342 µmol SFN	2.2; 7.3 2.3; 7.4	Gasper et al., 2005 [41].
Metabolism	4	70 or 120 µmol SFN	0.9 or 2.1	Cramer et al., 2011 [42].
Bioavailability	12	150 µmol glucoraphanin	2.2	Clarke et al., 2011 [43].
Pharmacokinetics	4	100 g watercress	0.928 (±0.25)	Ji et al., 2003 [44].