Figure 4. Context-induced drug-seeking in rats self-administering saline or nicotine with CS₂.

Extinction training was conducted in operant chambers different from those used in the self-administration sessions. Two reinstatement tests were conducted consecutively in the presence of a demonstrator rat. The demonstrator rat either provided a neutral social environment (NSE, i.e., did not have access to the olfactogustatory cue), or an inducing social environment (ISE, i.e., consuming olfactogustatory olfactogustatory cue). The sequence of tests were counterbalanced between rats. **: p<0.01, compared to extinction; +: p<0.05, compared to the active spouts; ++: p<0.01, compared to the active spouts.