Table 2. Themes and Subthemes covered by existing DM-specific instruments and PROMIS version 1.0 and 2.0 item banks.

	ADDQoL	D-39	DHP-1	DQoL	PROMIS
EMOTIONS
Negative emotions
Frustration*			+		+
e.g. I feel frustrated
Quick/hot-tempered*			+		+
e.g. I am hot-tempered
Annoyance*	+		+		+
e.g. I feel annoyed when others fuss over me
Depressed*		+	+		+
e.g. I feel depressed
Hopeless*					+
e.g. I feel hopeless
Helpless*			+		+
e.g. I feel helpless
Disappointment*					+
e.g. I feel disappointed
Anxiety*	+	+	+	+	+
e.g. I feel anxious
Fear*			+		+
e.g. I feel fearful
Deprived*			+		+
e.g. My condition has prevented me from doing things that I want to do
Violence			+
e.g. I turn to violence as a response
Depression
e.g. I was diagnosed with depression
Embarrassed		+		+
e.g. I feel embarrassed
Mood swings			+
e.g. I have mood swings
Positive emotions
Positivity when DM control is good			+	+
e.g. I feel positive when the control of my condition is good
Neutral emotions
Nonchalant
e.g. I feel nonchalant towards my condition
Coping emotions
Envy*					+
e.g. I feel envious
Resigned*					+
e.g. I feel resigned to my condition
Gratitude*					+
e.g. I feel more thankful with what I have
Acceptance*					+
e.g. I am comfortable with who I am
EMPOWERMENT
Empowered to help others
e.g. I feel empowered to help others					+
FAMILY
Support from family*
e.g. I get support from my family					+
Spend more time with family*
e.g. I spend more time with my family					+
Family negatively affected by patient's DM*
e.g. My family has been negatively affected by my condition		+		+
Relationships*
Strained relationships – spousal*					+
e.g. DM has strained my relationship with my spouse
Strained relationships – children*					+
e.g. DM has strained my relationship with my children
Strained relationships – other family members*					+
e.g. DM has strained my relationship with my other family members
Improved relationships*
e.g. DM has improved my relationship with my family					+
Family planning
e.g. DM has influenced my decision to have children				+
FINANCE
Opportunity cost of DM
e.g. I have lost income because of my condition	+
Direct medical and non-medical cost
e.g. I have spent a lot of money on treating DM		+
Financial burden on family
e.g. My condition has increased the financial burden on my family
Personal financial stress
e.g. I experience personal financial stress because of my condition		+
DISEASE MANAGEMENT
Disease adaptation
Adapting to DM is challenging		+	+	+
e.g. I feel that adapting to my condition is challenging
Lifestyle modifications		+
e.g. I have to change my lifestyle
Work life modifications	+			+
e.g. I have to change my work life
Dietary
Diet restriction	+	+	+	+
e.g. I cannot eat certain foods
Drink restriction	+	+	+
e.g. I cannot drink certain drinks
Change in dietary habits		+	+
e.g. I have made changes to my eating habits
Travel restriction*
e.g. My travel is limited	+			+	+
Difficulties walking*
e.g. I have difficulties walking		+			+
Reduced ability to do household chores*
e.g. I cannot do household chores		+		+	+
Improved physical health status*
e.g. My physical health has improved	+				+
Sleep*
My sleep is affected		+		+	+
SOCIAL
Do not want others to know*
e.g. I do not want others to know that I have DM				+	+
See no need for others to know*
e.g. I do not think it is necessary for others to know that I have DM				+
Social support*
e.g. I have support from my friends					+
Self-esteem*
e.g. I feel inferior to others	+		+	+	+
Stigma and discrimination*
Discrimination perceived	+			+	+
e.g. I feel that others discriminate against me
Lack of understanding by others				+	+
e.g. I feel that others do not understand me
Social activities
Changed participation in social activities because of DM				+
e.g. I have to modify my participation in social activities
Involved friends in social activities that were modified because of DM
e.g. I have engaged my friends in my modified social activities
Self-image
e.g. I am conscious of how others view me	+	+
Religion/spirituality
Use religion to cope with DM
e.g. I turn to religion to help me cope
Reduced participation in religious activities
e.g. I have to decrease my participation in religious activities