Table 2.
Population characteristics of the enrolled children
| Body weight category
|
Overall | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Underweight | Normal weight | Overweight | Obese | ||
| N | 2 | 30 | 12 | 21 | 65 |
| Age (y) | 9.8±1.4 | 10.0±0.2a | 11.2±0.5 | 11.2±0.4a | 10.6±0.2* |
| Sex (number of males [%]) | 1 (50) | 18 (60) | 7 (58.3) | 15 (71.4) | 41 (63.0) |
| Plasma glucose (mg/dL) | 89.5±10.5 | 86.5±1.2 | 84.8±1.9 | 86.5±1.5 | 86.3±0.8 |
| Salivary glucose (mg/dL) | 0.29±0.04 | 0.10±0.02 | 0.11±0.03 | 0.09±0.04 | 0.11±0.02 |
| Glucose excretion (μg/h) | 88.1±20.4 | 42.6±10.9 | 54.3±24.6 | 27.9±13.7 | 41.2±8.0 |
| Saliva flow rate (mL/h) | 29.6±2.6 | 40.5±3.4 | 44.2±5.5 | 38.3±4.8 | 40.1±2.4 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 69±2 | 67±1 | 68±2 | 69±2 | 69±1 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 119±2 | 116±2 | 121±3 | 124±2 | 120±1 |
| BMI | 13.5±0.3ab | 17.2±0.3cd | 22.2±0.6ace | 28.5±1.2bde | 21.7±0.8* |
Notes:
*
Model P<0.05. Tabulated ranges are mean ± SEM. Overall differences between body weight categories were tested by ANOVA. Significant pairwise differences were determined by post hoc analysis using Tukey’s test. Values with the same superscript letter within each row differed at P<0.05.
Abbreviations: ANOVA, analysis of variance; BMI, body mass index; SEM, standard error of the mean.