Table 1.

Differential diagnoses of congenital left ventricle diverticulum.

	Left ventricular catheterization	Coronary-CT	Cardiac-MRI
Congenital left ventricular muscular type diverticulum	Wall appendix with rapid contrast media filling, narrow neck, volume reduction during systolic phase and volume increase during diastolic phase	Appendix contracting in synchrony with the ventricle wall, presence of myocardial tissue on the diverticulum, homogeneous myocardial tissue density in the ventricle chamber	Diverticulum with thinned but contractile wall, no signal alterations of the left ventricular wall and no signs of necrosis or fibrous tissue on delayed enhancement images
Congenital left ventricular fibrous type diverticulum	Wall appendix with rapid contrast media filling, narrow neck, and no volume change during the different cardiac cycle phases	Appendix with no volume change during the cardiac cycle, presence of fibrous tissue on the diverticulum wall, homogeneous myocardial tissue density in the ventricle chamber	Diverticulum characterized by thinned and fibrous wall, no volume change during the cardiac cycle, no signal alterations of the remaining left ventricular wall with no signs of necrosis or fibrous tissue on delayed enhancement images
Left ventricular aneurysm	Wall appendix with rapid contrast media filling, usually with a wide neck and no volume change during the different cardiac cycle phases	Appendix with no volume change during the cardiac cycle, presence of fibrous tissue on the wall, hypodensity on the myocardial tissue related to past ischemic attack, associated coronary artery disease	Area of high signal intensity on delayed enhancement MR images on the aneurysm wall related to the presence of scar or fibrosis, lack of contraction of the myocardial tissue
Left ventricular pseudo-aneurysm	Differential diagnosis with aneurysm is not possible	Appendix with no volume change during the cardiac cycle; pseudoaneurysm wall is < 5 mm composed by hypodense fibrous tissue (pericardium); hypodensity can be also related to thrombosis usually present in the wall balloon	Absent myocardial wall in the site of the recent myocardial infarction, replaced by pericardium. Significant enhancement in the surrounding myocardial tissue due to acute myocyte necrosis