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. 2015 Jan;22(1):56–63. doi: 10.1101/lm.036863.114

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© 2014 Guo et al.; Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press

This article is distributed exclusively by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press for the first 12 months after the full-issue publication date (see http://learnmem.cshlp.org/site/misc/terms.xhtml). After 12 months, it is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International), as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

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Figure 4. — Silencing R3/R4d ring neurons in the ellipsoid body results in a deficit in conditioned visual orientation. (A) Silencing the c232-labeled R3/R4d ring neurons impairs conditioned visual orientation but silencing the c819-labeled R2/R4m neurons in the ellipsoid body or dorsal (c205), ventral (NP6510), or pontine (NP2320) neurons in the fan-shaped body or in the mushroom bodies (17d) had no effect. (B) Silencing R3/R4d neurons did not affect flies’ fixation behavior. (C) Silencing R3/R4d neurons did not affect flies’ heat avoidance. The number of flies tested in the different groups is shown above each bar. All comparisons with chance level zero were made using one-sample t-tests. ANOVA with post hoc Tukey's Multiple Comparison Test was used for group comparison. Error bars indicate SEM. (*) P < 0.05, (NS) nonsignificant.