Table 2.
Primary sclerosing cholangitis |
Bile duct neoplasms |
Biliary tract surgery |
Recurrent pyogenic cholangitis |
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome cholangiopathy |
Biliary parasitosis |
Choledocholithiasis |
Congenital abnormalities of the biliary tract |
Ischemic bile duct stricture |
Toxic bile duct strictures |
Strictures due to autoimmune and chronic pancreatitis |