Table 1.

Quantification of volatile compounds in oils with different n-3 fatty acid content after 15 days of oxidation. Data presented as mean ± SD; units are ng compound per gram oil.

Compound (ng/g oil)	PHVO¹	LSO²	CSO³	WO⁴	Flax Oil	FO⁵	CLO⁶

Acetaldehyde	-	3571 ± 131^c	5826 ± 702^bc	9063 ± 1362^b	13972 ± 4084^a	15354 ± 1688^a	18696 ± 2352^a
Propanal	289 ± 56^d	2109 ± 204^d	3008 ± 182^d	6444 ± 582^c	12729 ± 2973^b	14269 ± 1853^ab	16587 ± 1475^a
2-Propanone	273 ± 26^d	48 ± 4^d	121 ± 4^c	76 ± 4^d	438 ± 29^a	314 ± 27^b	293 ± 4^b
2-Propenal	-	416 ± 15^d	694 ± 40^d	954 ± 102^d	1773 ± 224^c	4071 ± 75^b	5847 ± 696^a
Butanal	70 ± 36^c	40 ± 4^c	81 ± 17^c	185 ± 24^c	584 ± 99^b	1870 ± 248^a	1674 ± 126^a
2-Butanone	6.0 ± 0.3^d	13.2 ± 0.4^d	24 ± 1^d	65 ± 4^c	227 ± 18^a	227 ± 16^a	194 ± 4^b
2-Ethylfuran	2.1 ± 0.3^e	5.1 ± 0.5^e	26 ± 2^de	99 ± 4^d	700 ± 17^c	2336 ± 48^b	4364 ± 76^a
2-Pentanone	19 ± 5^d	10.34 ± 0.04^d	21 ± 7^d	22 ± 14^d	174 ± 12^a	92 ± 13^b	60 ± 9^c
1-Penten-3-one	3.5 ± 0.3^e	25.5 ± 0.5^e	59 ± 2^de	124 ± 4^d	496 ± 30^c	933 ± 77^a	816 ± 61^b
(E)-2-Butenal	-	117.8 ± 0.7^f	323 ± 3^e	750 ± 3^d	2707 ± 29^a	2357 ± 71^b	2004 ± 73^c
2,3-Pentanedione	-	41 ± 6^d	39 ± 6^d	83 ± 4^c	78 ± 8^c	107 ± 6^b	192 ± 9^a
Hexanal	485 ± 83^d	1375 ± 95^b	734 ± 63^c	668 ± 60^c	1318 ± 62^b	1353 ± 79^b	1753 ± 57^a
(E)-3-Penten-2-one	-	3.7 ± 0.2^e	7.1 ± 0.7^e	37 ± 1^d	440 ± 13^a	322 ± 2^b	269 ± 2^c
(E)-2-Pentenal	38 ± 6^g	241 ± 4^f	520 ± 21^e	1062 ± 39^d	3649 ± 38^a	2782 ± 17^c	2841 ± 23^b
1-Penten-3-ol	-	-	-	-	-	55 ± 5^b	63 ± 3^a
3-Hexen-2-one	-	1.6 ± 0.2^e	7.2 ± 0.8^e	27 ± 1^d	219 ± 8^a	133 ± 2^b	101 ± 1^c
1 -Hydroxy-2-propanone	-	41 ± 2^d	26.7 ± 0.9^e	48 ± 3^d	132 ± 8^c	197 ± 3^b	231 ± 3^a
(E)-2-Penten-1-ol	-	-	-	-	328 ± 43^b	466 ± 80^a	506 ± 45^a
2-Hydroxy-3-pentanone	-	28 ± 1^e	30 ± 1^e	95 ± 6^d	623 ± 32^a	296 ± 18^c	470 ± 7^b
1-Hydroxy-2-butanone	-	58 ± 4^e	160 ± 18^d	463 ± 24^c	1473 ± 58^a	726 ± 16^b	773 ± 40^b
Acetic acid	2626 ± 811^e	2299 ± 243^e	2718 ± 19^e	4725 ± 153^d	8617 ± 508^c	16599 ± 578^b	20026 ± 596^a
(E,E)-2,4-Heptadienal	725 ± 194^f	10437 ± 225^e	18129 ± 2283^d	24108 ± 2175^c	61902 ± 1474^b	94749 ± 5127^a	56485 ± 2647^b
Propanoic acid	442 ± 89^e	540 ± 22^e	673 ± 12^e	1895 ± 35^d	5993 ± 401^b	5462 ± 197^c	7431 ± 242^a
5-Methyl-2(5H)-Furanone	-	129 ± 15^d	225 ± 46^cd	424 ± 136^c	1029 ± 80^b	1384 ± 135^a	1469 ± 106^a
5-Ethyl-2(5H)-Furanone	-	43 ± 3^d	80 ± 8^d	233 ± 21^c	822 ± 84^b	839 ± 92^b	1100 ± 64^a
Total Volatiles	4978 ± 974^f	21592 ± 519^e	33533 ± 2931^e	51652 ± 3565^d	120430 ± 8035^c	167294 ± 9616^a	144244 ± 6810^b

PHVO, partially hydrogenated vegetable oil.

LSO, low α-linolenic acid soybean oil.

CSO, commodity soybean oil.

⁴

WO, walnut oil.

⁵

FO, fish oil.

⁶

CLO, cod liver oil.

Means within a row with different superscripts differ significantly.