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. 2014 Dec 23;5:1475. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01475

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Copyright © 2014 Schmiedek, Lövdén and Lindenberger.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Structural equation model with latent factors (circles) for different paradigms measuring the underlying latent construct of working memory. Working memory predicts a latent factor of reasoning. All factor loadings and latent regression paths are standardized. Left values are for younger adults, right values are for older adults. RS, reading span; CS, counting span; RoS, rotation span; NBN, n-back numerical; NBS, n-back spatial; MUN, memory updating numerical; MUS, memory updating spatial; AS, alpha span; ANI, animal span; K_1, reasoning, Parcel 1 (BIS test); K_2, reasoning, Parcel 2 (BIS test); K_3, reasoning, Parcel 3 (BIS test).