Table 1.
Insulin analogues and recombinant variations, structure, and related immunogenic reactions.
Immunogenic molecules | Reaction type | References |
---|---|---|
Regular human insulin | ||
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Insulin | I | [8, 10–15] |
III | [15] | |
| ||
Crystalline insulin | ||
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Insulin | I | [8, 16, 17] |
| ||
Porcine insulin | ||
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Insulin | I | [8, 16] |
| ||
Bovine insulin | ||
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Insulin | I | [8, 16] |
| ||
Neutral Protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin | ||
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Insulin | I | [8, 10, 11, 17] |
IV | [18] | |
Protamine | I | [8, 10, 19] |
| ||
Lispro insulin (Humalog) | ||
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Insulin | I | [8, 12, 15] |
III | [15] | |
| ||
Aspart insulin (NovoLog) | ||
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Insulin | I | [8, 16, 20] |
Glargine insulin (Lantus) | ||
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Insulin | I | [11, 12, 21] |
III | [14] | |
| ||
Detemir insulin (Levemir) | ||
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Insulin | I | [12, 22] |
III | [14, 23] | |
IV | [22] | |
Metacresol | I | [24] |