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. 2014 Dec 5;4(1):31–43. doi: 10.5966/sctm.2014-0078

Figure 3.

Figure 3.

Adult human neural crest-derived stem cells derived from the inferior turbinate (ITSCs) give rise to TH+ dopaminergic neurons in vitro. (A): Increased expression of the target genes Gli1, Gli2, and Msx1 after addition of purmorphamine or SHH shows activation of the hedgehog pathway in ITSCs. (B): In contrast to spontaneous differentiation, dopaminergic differentiation of ITSCs for 12 days resulted in dopaminergic progenitors coexpressing Pitx3 and βIII-tubulin. (C): Whereas spontaneously differentiated ITSCs lacked TH expression, ITSC-derived dopaminergic progenitors expressed TH in the perinuclear area. (D): Expression of TH in the soma and in processes of ITSC-derived dopaminergic neurons after dopaminergic differentiation for 20 days. (E): Quantitative polymerase chain reaction revealed increased expression of Pitx3 in ITSCs after 30 days of differentiation in comparison with undifferentiated controls. Abbreviations: FCS, fetal calf serum; n.d., no data; TH, tyrosine hydroxylase.