Table 1. Characteristics of the study sample (N=1369)*.
Participant Characteristics† | Men N=555 | Women N=814 | p |
---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 59.6 [11.4] | 58.6 [11.4] | 0.11 |
Education, years | 11.4 [4.8] | 8.4 [4.9] | <0.001 |
Duration of diabetes, years | 9.6 [7.9] | 9.3 [6.9] | 0.40 |
Race/ethnicity | <0.001 | ||
White, % | 37.7 | 20.0 | |
Hispanic, % | 44.5 | 62.3 | |
Vietnamese, % | 17.8 | 17.7 | |
Health insurance type | <0.001 | ||
Uninsured, % | 17.7 | 23.5 | |
Commercial, % | 21.1 | 11.8 | |
Medicare, % | 33.2 | 28.4 | |
Medicaid, % | 21.1 | 26.8 | |
Medicare and Medicaid, % | 7.0 | 9.6 | |
Comorbidity (Total Illness Burden Index) | 3.2 [2.3] | 3.9 [2.4] | <0.001 |
Heart disease noted in the medical record, % | 24.1 | 11.4 | <0.001 |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | 30.7 [16.1] | 30.7 [9.5] | 0.98 |
Values presented as means with standard deviations in parentheses for continuous variables and as percentages for categorical variables. P-values for group comparisons were computed using independent samples t-tests for continuous variables and chi-squared tests for categorical variables.
Age, education, race/ethnicity, duration of diabetes and comorbidity derive from patient questionnaire. All other data derive from medical record abstraction.