Table 3. Characteristics of diabetes care received and reports of medication nonadherence, by gender*.
Men | Women | Odds Ratio (95% CI)† | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N=555 | N=814 | Unadjusted | p | Adjusted | p | |
Quality of Care: Processes‡ | ||||||
Annual A1c test | 97.8 | 96.8 | 0.65 (0.32, 1.31) | 0.23 | 0.69 (0.33, 1.45) | 0.33 |
Annual lipid panel | 96.0 | 95.9 | 0.73 (0.52, 1.58) | 0.91 | 1.08 (0.60, 1.95) | 0.81 |
Annual urinalysis for microalbumin | 77.8 | 76.7 | 0.95 (0.73, 1.24) | 0.69 | 0.95 (0.71, 1.27) | 0.71 |
Annual foot exam | 98.6 | 99.0 | 1.64 (0.59, 4.54) | 0.35 | 1.30 (0.44, 3.86) | 0.63 |
Annual eye exam | 57.8 | 59.1 | 1.04 (0.83, 1.30) | 0.73 | 1.30 (1.02, 1.66) | 0.04 |
Quality of Care: Outcomes‡ | ||||||
A1c <8% | 68.0 | 67.3 | 0.96 (0.76, 1.22) | 0.75 | 1.48 (1.12, 1.95) | 0.006 |
SBP <140 mmHg | 71.8 | 67.7 | 0.84 (0.66, 1.07) | 0.16 | 0.90 (0.69, 1.17) | 0.42 |
LDL <100 mg/dl | 69.7 | 55.0 | 0.53 (0.42, 0.67) | <0.001 | 0.62 (0.48, 0.79) | <0.001 |
HDL > 40 mg/dL (men), or HDL >50 mg/dL (women) | 47.9 | 40.4 | 0.74 (0.59, 0.92) | 0.007 | 0.77 (0.60, 0.98) | 0.03 |
Regimen Intensity‡ | ||||||
On 2 or more oral hypoglycemic agents and/or insulin | 69.4 | 67.6 | 0.95 (0.75, 1.20) | 0.66 | 0.77 (0.60, 1.00) | 0.05 |
On 2 or more blood pressure medications | 53.7 | 51.4 | 0.92 (0.74, 1.15) | 0.46 | 0.98 (0.76, 1.26) | 0.84 |
On 1 or more lipid lowering medications | 79.7 | 80.8 | 1.02 (0.77, 1.35) | 0.89 | 1.14 (0.84, 1.53) | 0.40 |
On 2 or more lipid lowering medications | 15.8 | 11.2 | 0.66 (0.47, 0.91) | 0.011 | 0.77 (0.54, 1.10) | 0.15 |
Reported medication nonadherence§ | ||||||
related to cost | 24.2 | 32.7 | 1.57 (1.22, 2.01) | 0.001 | 1.34 (1.01, 1.78) | 0.04 |
related to side effects | 36.8 | 47.2 | 1.61 (1.27, 2.05) | <0.001 | 1.35 (1.04, 1.74) | 0.02 |
Values presented are the percentage of patients within each gender for whom the indicator is present.
Odds ratios and p-values were computed using logistic regression models adjusted for age, education, race/ethnicity, health insurance type and comorbidity.
Derived from medical record abstraction.
From patient report using a seven-item scale in the baseline questionnaire