Table 3. Characteristics of diabetes care received and reports of medication nonadherence, by gender^*.

	Men	Women	Odds Ratio (95% CI)†
	N=555	N=814	Unadjusted	p	Adjusted	p
Quality of Care: Processes‡
Annual A1c test	97.8	96.8	0.65 (0.32, 1.31)	0.23	0.69 (0.33, 1.45)	0.33
Annual lipid panel	96.0	95.9	0.73 (0.52, 1.58)	0.91	1.08 (0.60, 1.95)	0.81
Annual urinalysis for microalbumin	77.8	76.7	0.95 (0.73, 1.24)	0.69	0.95 (0.71, 1.27)	0.71
Annual foot exam	98.6	99.0	1.64 (0.59, 4.54)	0.35	1.30 (0.44, 3.86)	0.63
Annual eye exam	57.8	59.1	1.04 (0.83, 1.30)	0.73	1.30 (1.02, 1.66)	0.04
Quality of Care: Outcomes‡
A1c <8%	68.0	67.3	0.96 (0.76, 1.22)	0.75	1.48 (1.12, 1.95)	0.006
SBP <140 mmHg	71.8	67.7	0.84 (0.66, 1.07)	0.16	0.90 (0.69, 1.17)	0.42
LDL <100 mg/dl	69.7	55.0	0.53 (0.42, 0.67)	<0.001	0.62 (0.48, 0.79)	<0.001
HDL > 40 mg/dL (men), or HDL >50 mg/dL (women)	47.9	40.4	0.74 (0.59, 0.92)	0.007	0.77 (0.60, 0.98)	0.03
Regimen Intensity‡
On 2 or more oral hypoglycemic agents and/or insulin	69.4	67.6	0.95 (0.75, 1.20)	0.66	0.77 (0.60, 1.00)	0.05
On 2 or more blood pressure medications	53.7	51.4	0.92 (0.74, 1.15)	0.46	0.98 (0.76, 1.26)	0.84
On 1 or more lipid lowering medications	79.7	80.8	1.02 (0.77, 1.35)	0.89	1.14 (0.84, 1.53)	0.40
On 2 or more lipid lowering medications	15.8	11.2	0.66 (0.47, 0.91)	0.011	0.77 (0.54, 1.10)	0.15
Reported medication nonadherence§
related to cost	24.2	32.7	1.57 (1.22, 2.01)	0.001	1.34 (1.01, 1.78)	0.04
related to side effects	36.8	47.2	1.61 (1.27, 2.05)	<0.001	1.35 (1.04, 1.74)	0.02

^*Values presented are the percentage of patients within each gender for whom the indicator is present.

^†Odds ratios and p-values were computed using logistic regression models adjusted for age, education, race/ethnicity, health insurance type and comorbidity.

^‡Derived from medical record abstraction.

^§From patient report using a seven-item scale in the baseline questionnaire