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. 2014 Dec 10;2(4):e56. doi: 10.2196/mhealth.3467

Table 2.

Utilization of portable or mobile devices during work integrated learning.

Use of portable or mobile devices to access information Away from PEP Median, (Range) During PEP Median, (Range) P value
Work-related activities



I access work-related drug references 3 (1-5) 3 (1-5) .94

I use it to communicate with other members of the health care team to coordinate patient or client care 1 (1-5) 1 (1-5) .94

I access work-related protocols 1 (1-5) 2 (1-5) .90

I access work-related apps that assist patient or client care 1 (1-5) 2 (1-5) .75

I access sites for patient handouts and teaching 1 (1-5) 1 (1-5) .53

I use the device as a calculator for nursing/medical formulas 2 (1-5) 2 (1-5) .52

I access sites for professional education and development 3 (1-5) 3 (1-5) .23

I access work-related nursing/medical information 3 (1-5) 3 (1-5) .21
Non-work related activities



I check/send personal text messages or emails to family or friends 4 (1-5) 2 (1-5) <.001

I check/post on social networking sites (Facebook, Twitter, Snapchat etc) 4 (1-5) 1 (1-5) .01

I shop on the Internet 2, (1-5) 1 (1-5) .01

I conduct personal business online (eg paying bills, banking) 2 (1-5) 1 (1-5) .01

I play games loaded on the devicea 1 (1-5) 1 (1-5) .05

I check/send personal text messages or emails to co-workers 2 (1-5) 1 (1-5) .04

I play online games 1 (1-5) 1 (1-5) .84
Study-related activities



I browse (eg use a search engine Google, Safari etc) for information to assist with progression of my studiesa 4 (1-5) 3 (1-5) < .001

I check/send study related text messages or emails to friends or co-workers 3 (1-5) 2 (1-5) .01

I access University related sites (eg MyLO) to assist with progression of my studiesa 4, (1-5) 3, (1-5) .01

I check/send study related text messages or emails to my academic supervisorsa 2, (1-5) 2, (1-5) .26

I access study related sites (eg library, journal articles) to assist with progression of my studiesa 3, (1-5) 2, (1-5) .03

I submit assessment tasksa 2, (1-5) 2, (1-5) .44
Other activity



I use the device as a clock or stopwatcha 4, (1-5) 2, (1-5) .01

aNon-validated question.