Table 1.
Baseline characteristic of control group, total intervention group, and successful participants.a
| Characteristics | Control group | Intervention group | ||||
|
|
Control group (n=116) | Intervention group (n=119) | P value for intervention vs control group | Successful participants (n=50) | P value for successful participants vs control group | |
| Demographics |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sex (female), n (%) | 49 (42.2) | 47 (39.5) | .67 | 13 (26) | .047 |
|
|
Age (years), mean (SD) | 64.9 (2.8) | 64.7 (3.0) | .61 | 64.6 (2.8) | .63 |
| Clinical parameters, mean (SD) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Height (cm) | 172.1 (9.3) | 173.6 (9.9) | .25 | 175.7 (9.6) | .02 |
|
|
Weight (kg) | 86.3 (15.8) | 87.4 (15.8) | .61 | 87.6 (15.6) | .64 |
|
|
BMI (kg/m2) | 29.1 (4.7) | 28.9 (4.7) | .84 | 28.2 (3.7) | .25 |
|
|
Waist circumference (cm) | 101.4 (12.3) | 102.3 (13.1) | .56 | 102.1 (12.2) | .74 |
|
|
Fat percentage (%) | 36.4 (8.1) | 36.5 (7.6) | .95 | 34.5 (6.3) | .11 |
| Cardiovascular disease risk |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Framingham 10-year CVD risk (%), mean (SD) | 11.3 (7.5) | 11.9 (7.2) | .50 | 13.3 (7.5) | .10 |
| Physical activity |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5-day moderate-to-vigorous activity (min/day), median (IQR) | 14.5 (8.2-32.5) | 16.8 (7.8-26.4) | .43 | 20.0 (9.2-27.5) | .97 |
| Biochemistry |
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|
|
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|
|
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Fasting venous glucose, mean (SD) | 5.7 (0.8) | 5.7 (0.7) | .94 | 5.6 (0.6) | .78 |
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Fasting insulin (mU/L), median (IQR) | 10.8 (7.0-15.8) | 11.5 (8.1-16.9) | .47 | 12.4 (8.0-19.8) | .32 |
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|
HbA1c (%), mean (SD) | 5.4 (0.3) | 5.4 (0.3) | .44 | 5.4 (0.2) | .72 |
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HOMA index, median (IQR) | 2.6 (1.7-4.3) | 2.8 (2.0-4.3) | .48 | 3.0 (2.0-5.0) | .39 |
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Total cholesterol, mean (SD) | 5.8 (1.0) | 5.7 (1.1) | .74 | 5.6 (1.1) | .28 |
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HDL cholesterol, mean (SD) | 1.4 (0.4) | 1.5 (0.5) | .51 | 1.4 (0.5) | .93 |
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Triglycerides, median (IQR) | 1.4 (1.1-2.0) | 1.5 (1.1-2.0) | .65 | 1.5 (1.1-2.0) | .99 |
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|
LDL cholesterol, mean (SD) | 3.6 (0.9) | 3.6 (1.0) | .66 | 3.4 (1.0) | .25 |
|
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Total/HDL cholesterol ratio, mean (SD) | 4.3 (1.3) | 4.2 (1.3) | .65 | 4.2 (1.3) | .70 |
|
|
C-reactive protein, median (IQR) | 1.4 (0.8-4.1) | 1.6 (0.8-3.1) | .83 | 1.7 (0.7-3.8) | .85 |
a Data are presented as medians with interquartile range (IQR) when skewed. P values were calculated with t test (continuous data), Mann-Whitney (skewed data), or chi-square (categorical data).