Table 1.
Baseline sample characteristics of Dutch pregnant women using alcohol (N=349).
| Characteristic | Overall sample (N=349) |
Health counseling (n=114) |
Computer tailoring (n=111) |
Usual care (n=124) |
Condition effect, P | Random effect of midwifery practices, P | |
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 32.56 (4.20) | 31.75 (4.37) | 32.31 (4.22) | 33.53 (3.85) | .17 | .07 | |
| Educational level, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
.15 | .02 | |
|
|
Low | 9 (2.6) | 5 (4.5) | 1 (0.9) | 3 (2.4) |
|
|
|
|
Medium | 108 (31.2) | 47 (42.0) | 41 (36.9) | 20 (16.3) |
|
|
|
|
High | 229 (66.2) | 60 (53.6) | 69 (62.2) | 100 (81.3) |
|
|
| Income, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
.93 | .03 | |
|
|
Low | 35 (11.3) | 14 (13.9) | 9 (9.0) | 12 (11.0) |
|
|
|
|
Medium | 170 (54.8) | 56 (55.4) | 62 (62.0) | 52 (47.7) |
|
|
|
|
High | 105 (33.9) | 31 (30.7) | 29 (29.0) | 45 (41.3) |
|
|
| Steady partner, n (%) | 198 (56.7) | 73 (64.0) | 66 (59.5) | 59 (47.6) | .17 | .33 | |
| Number of prior pregnancies, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
.33 | .14 | |
|
|
0 | 150 (43.0) | 51 (44.7) | 37 (33.3) | 62 (50.0) |
|
|
|
|
1 | 113 (32.4) | 30 (26.3) | 44 (39.6) | 39 (31.5) |
|
|
|
|
2 | 56 (16.0) | 23 (20.2) | 16 (14.4) | 17 (13.7) |
|
|
|
|
>2 | 30 (8.6) | 10 (8.8) | 14 (12.6) | 6 (4.8) |
|
|
| Number of weeks pregnant, mean (SD) | 7.87 (1.96) | 7.96 (1.81) | 7.73 (2.06) | 7.92 (1.99) | .72 | .02 | |
| Experienced complications in previous pregnancy, n (%) | 76 (22.4) | 23 (20.9) | 26 (23.9) | 27 (22.3) | .87 | .92 | |
| Standard alcohol drinks per week during pregnancy, mean (SD) | 1.13 (2.87) | 1.44 (3.33) | 1.21 (3.14) | 0.76 (2.02) | .23 | .72 | |
| Binge drinkers during pregnancy,a n (%) | 4 (1.2) | 3 (2.7) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.8) | .17 | — | |
| Risky drinkers (T-ACE positive), n (%) | 198 (57.4) | 73 (64.6) | 55 (50.9) | 70 (56.5) | .13 | .93 | |
| Standard alcohol drinks per week before pregnancy, mean (SD) | 5.83 (7.35) | 5.61 (8.88) | 4.53 (4.61)b | 7.18 (7.59) | .06 | .62 | |
| Smokes in pregnancy,a n (%) | 69 (20.2) | 30 (27.0)b | 25 (23.4)b | 14 (11.3) | .01 | — | |
a Single-level analyses were conducted on the characteristics binge drinking and smoking during pregnancy because in the multilevel analyses, the estimates of the variances of the random effects were 0 and the Hessian matrices were not positive definite.
bIndicates significant difference compared to usual care.